浅谈低佛汝得数Fγ水跃消能工的研究

介绍低佛汝德数Fr水流消能的主要问题、难点及目前采用的消能工形式,进一步探讨低佛汝德数Fr水跃消能工的合理形式,为中低水头、大流量泄洪消能寻找一条新途径.     

矩形分流墩墩体壁压特性及其空化研究

通过系统的模型试验研究了中，低佛氏数下急流越过矩形分流墩，墩后通大气的情况下，墩体壁压及其空化可能性，得到了墩顶挑射流态下，墩上游和墩体壁压分布规律；分析了墩体阻力系数与相对墩高，收缩比及控制断面佛氏数的分布规律。试验结果证明，当墩后充分供气时，墩体产生空蚀的可能性极小。     

福生水电站冲沙闸水工模型试验研究

根据福生水电站冲沙闸佛氏数低消能效果差的特点,采用物理横型试验方法对冲沙闸的泄流能力、水面线、流态、消能效果及对下游河道冲刷影响进行了试验研究,提出了优化后的消耗建筑物型式和结构尺寸,为设计提供了依据.     

越过连续矩形坎的急流自由水面

本文通过系统的物理模型试验,并结合理论分析的方法,研究了越过连续矩形坎的水面流态及坎前自由水面特性。通过动量方程推导了坎前水跃漩滚流态与急流飞溅而过流态时上游控制断面临界佛氏数的理论公式;证明当水流飞溅而过流态时,上游控制断面佛氏数F_(r0)在2.59～6.99范围内,坎前自由水面与佛氏数F_(r0)无关,是相对坎高的单一函数。得到了坎前自由水面受坎高的影响范围及在此范围内无因次水深与相对坎高的变化规律;探讨了用保角变换法求解坎前自由水面抛射角的半经验、半理论公式。最后,探讨了坎前自由水面的一种计算方法。     

越过矩形分流墩的流态及急流自由水面

本文通过理论分析和模型试验研究了越过矩形分流墩的水流流态及墩上游自由水面特性。得到了墩上游水跃旋滚与急流飞越而过之间的界限流态佛氏数判别公式，经验证与试验数据吻合。证明了当急流飞越而过时，佛氏数对墩上游天因次水深的影响微小可忽略不计。并得到了墩上游自由水面受墩高、墩宽的影响范围，以及墩上游水深不受收缩比影响的界限收缩比和无因次水深随墩高比、收缩比的变化规律。     

低水头消能防冲实验研究

针对低水头，低佛氏数的特点结合工程实际进行大量模型实验，研究了低水头堰流和闸孔出流的消能方式，获得较大的经济效益。     

矩形断面水平管道内平面水跃消能系数分析

通过对矩形断面水平管道内平面水跃消能特性研究,建立起消能系数的理论公式,和通过实验研究所得经验公式,分析了水跃消能系数的变化规律。证明建立在实验基础上的消能系数经验公式是符合实际的,可供工程设计参考。     

掺气分流墩墩头动水壁压及空化特性研究

本文通过系列比尺模型研究了中、低佛氏数下掺气分流墩墩头动水壁压及空化特性，得到墩头时均和脉动壁压的分布规律、脉动壁压概率分布及墩头初生空化数等。研究结果表明，墩头脉动壁压概率分布服从正态分布；在墩后充分供气时墩头不产生空蚀及共振破坏。     

低佛氏数消力池三维紊流数值模拟

文章结合某低水头泄水闸设计实际资料,提出了一种新型悬栅消力池,建立了用于研究泄水闸消力池三维紊流的网格模型,利用标准k-ε紊流模型,并采用VOF自由表面追踪法及通过数值模拟,对悬栅消能工和传统SAF型消能效果、流态分布等方面进行对比研究,在此基础上进一步分析了悬栅消力池内流场流态、紊动能分布等水力特性,揭示出悬栅消能工能够应用于底流消力池,并提高低弗氏数水跃消能效率、改善出池流速分布的机理,为今后采用数学模型设计和优化此类工程提供了较好的参考依据。     

低水头条件下常用底流消力池的对比研究

低水头消能工常常存在水流佛氏数小、消能效率低等问题,为此常在底流消力池中添加辅助消能工以求达到良好的消能效果.国内外常用的低佛氏底流消力池有USBR-Ⅳ型、ISI型、SAF型和T型等4种型式.文章采用k-ε方程紊流模型并结合VOF追踪自由水面法,通过数值模拟对上述池型各自的消能效果、流态分布、工程造价等方面进行对比研究...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.