丙烯酰胺改性苯丙乳液的研究

采用分步引发的自由基聚合法制备了苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸(St-BA-MAA/SDS-DNS86/H2O)纯苯丙乳液及用丙烯酰胺改性的苯丙乳液,研究了丙烯酰胺用量对乳液性能的影响,以及乳液成膜后的性能.实验表明,改性的苯丙乳液比纯苯丙乳液的黏度和耐有机溶剂性有所提高,并降低了涂膜的吸水率.     

苯丙-硅溶胶纳米复合乳液的制备及其性能

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了苯丙-硅溶胶纳米复合乳液,系统研究了乳化剂种类和用量对乳液稳定性、乳胶膜吸水率以及乳胶粒子粒径的影响.结果表明:相比单独使用,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与壬基酚聚氧化乙烯基醚(OP-10)按质量比为2∶1复配时制备的乳液稳定性最好;当乳化剂用量为0.75%～1.5%时,所制复合乳液稳定性好,乳胶膜的吸水率为3.64%～5.72%.与共混乳液(硅溶胶和苯丙乳液的共混物)和苯丙乳液的乳胶膜相比,复合乳胶膜的吸水率显著降低;透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测结果表明:与共混乳液相比,复合乳液中游离的纳米SiO2粒子数大大减少.     

三元乳化体系中“核-壳”结构苯丙乳液的制备及其性能研究

在阴离子活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、两性活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)与自制改性炔二醇活性剂(R-DDTM)组成的三元复配乳化体系中,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备苯丙乳液。通过正交试验考察核-壳单体质量比、壳的玻璃化转变温度及成壳聚合反应温度对核-壳结构苯丙乳液性能的影响。借助透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、激光粒度分析(DLS)及差示扫描量热(DSC)等手段对核-壳结构苯丙乳液的形貌、结构和性能进行表征。研究结果表明:采用三元乳化剂体系制备的苯丙乳胶粒子呈球形核-壳结构,粒径为100 nm左右,且乳胶粒子单分散性良好;当核-壳单体质量比为1:1,成壳聚合反应温度为80℃时制备的硬核软壳型苯丙乳液具有良好的成膜性和较强的稳定性,其乳胶胶膜耐水性良好,吸水率较低,光泽度及透明性高。     

单体配比对β-环糊精介导下的苯丙乳液性能影响

采用β-环糊精(β-CD)部分取代乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),制备综合性能优良的苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚乳液(苯丙乳液),探讨单体配比(St/BA)对苯丙乳液及其乳胶膜性能的影响.结果表明:随着单体配比(St/BA)增加,粘度逐渐降低;乳胶粒子的粒径逐渐减小,乳胶粒表面变得光滑、规则;乳胶膜热稳定性和拉伸强度得到了提高.     

石蜡/β-环糊精自组装及在大粒径烷基硅油乳液中的应用

以石蜡和β-环糊精为原料,通过分子自组装合成一种新型固体颗粒乳化剂,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和热分析仪(TGA)对产物进行分析表征,并将制备的颗粒乳化剂用于乳化长链烷基硅油制备大粒径乳液。通过光学显微镜(OM)和粒度分析仪分析乳液滴的形貌和大小,并对乳液的耐温性、耐酸碱性和耐电解质性进行测试。结果表明:石蜡与β-环糊精质量比为1∶8,自组装颗粒的用量为长链烷基硅油质量的50%时,乳液体系分散均匀,乳液滴为规整的球形,乳液层的平均粒径为43.5μm。颗粒物中石蜡组分的熔点越高,乳液的耐温性越好;乳液在酸性条件下的稳定性好于碱性条件下的稳定性;在低浓度电解质溶液中,乳液的稳定性良好,但高浓度电解质溶液会使乳液的稳定性受到不同程度的破坏。     

3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛的合成

目的:以苯酚为原料,经酯化、Fries重排、烷基化、Vislsmeier反应等,合成3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛.方法:查阅、分析、归纳相关文献,设计出3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯的合成路线,运用化学合成法合成该目标产物,并检测其纯度.结果:通过实验研究,合成了-3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛.结论:3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛的熔点为88～90℃,收率76.9%,纯度98.21%.     

一种环保型改性苯丙乳液的研制

0前言 水性木器涂料有许多品种,目前苯丙乳液由于其明显的环保优越性、良好的成膜性、保色保光性、耐候性、较好的防沾污性、生产成本较低等优良性能而得到了广泛的研究和应用。本产品是在原有苯丙乳液的基础上,研制的一种成本较低廉的环保型工艺品涂饰用苯丙乳液,     

有机硅/氟改性苯丙乳液涂料的研究

选择合适的有机硅、有机氟改性苯丙乳液,可提高苯丙乳液涂料的耐候性、耐污性.对八甲基环四硅氧烷、乙烯基环四硅氧烷、三氟乙酸丙烯酯、含氢聚硅氧烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷等改性苯丙乳液及涂料性能进行了比较.研究表明以上有机硅、有机氟均可用于苯丙乳液改性,但以八甲基环四硅氧烷-乙烯基环四硅氧烷-三氟乙酸丙烯酯的混合物作改性单体所得乳液涂料性能最优.     

有机硅改性苯丙乳液流变性能分析

用旋转粘度计研究了有机硅改性苯丙乳液的流变性能.结果表明:改性乳液为假塑性流体;随着固含量和单体中丙烯酸比例的增加,乳液的表观粘度增大;有机硅八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)和乙烯基环四硅氧烷(D4V)对改性乳液的表观粘度影响不同.     

乳化剂对核壳含氟苯丙乳胶粒形貌及涂膜润湿性的影响

采用预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合方法,选用3种乳化剂体系(SDS/OP-10,DNS-86,DNS-86与含氟乳化剂复配)制备含氟苯丙乳液,研究其对合成核壳含氟苯丙乳液的乳胶粒形貌和乳液涂膜疏水疏油性的影响.利用透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和水/油接触角测试对所制备乳液的乳胶粒形貌、化学组成、涂膜表面元素信息和疏水...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-