烃燃烧反应机理探讨

由于光是一种有序的能量，因而光是一种非体积功（W′），根据公式△H=W′-0.1196n/λ计算了乙炔和丙烷燃烧反应的火焰温度，提出了烃燃烧反应机理，该机理为；第一步，氧气吸收光子形成游离态氧原子，每摩尔氧气吸收1摩尔光子；第二步，烃裂解形成碳和氢气，该步骤既不吸收光子，也不发出光子；第三步，氢气与游离态氧原子作用生成水，每生成1mol水发出1mol光子；第四步，碳与游离态氧原子作用生成CO，每生成1molCO发出1mol光子；第五步，CO与氧分子作用生成CO2，该步骤既不吸收光子，也不发出光子。     

乙醚与丙酮燃烧反应机理

利用公式△H=-0．1196n／A计算了乙醚和丙酮分别在氧气和空气中燃烧反应的温度,并推测了乙醚和丙酮燃烧反应的机理．乙醚在氧气中燃烧反应的火焰温度理论值为3272K,与测定温度3134K接近,误差为4．40％．丙酮在空气中燃烧反应的火焰温度理论值为1292K,与测定温度173K接近,误差为1．49％．根据乙醚和丙酮燃烧反应的火焰温度,推测乙醚和丙酮燃烧反应机理为：（1）O2＋hv→2O·;（2）（C2H5）2O→4C＋4H2＋H2O（乙醚）,CH3COCH3→3C＋2H2＋H2O（丙酮）;（3）H2＋O·→H2O＋hv;（4）C＋O·→CO＋hv;（5）2CO＋O2→2CO2．     

H2在F2内燃烧反应机理探讨

利用公式△H=-0.119 6n/λ计算了H_2在F_2内燃烧反应的理论火焰温度.当反应物温度为400 K时,其理论火焰温度为4 354 K,与实际温度3 962 K较为接近,根据火焰温度,提出了H_2在F_2内燃烧反应的机理,该机理为:(1)F_2+hv→2F·,(2)H_2+2F·→2HF+2hv,     

S、H2S及CS2在氧气中燃烧反应机理

利用公式△H=-0.1196n/λ计算了S、H2S及CS2在氧气中燃烧反应的火焰温度,并推测了三种物质燃烧反应的机理.S在氧气中燃烧反应的火焰温度计算值为2086 K,与测定值2093K接近,误差为-0.30％.H2S在氧气中燃烧反应的火焰温度计算值为2238K,测定温度2383K,误差为-6.1％.CS2在氧气中燃烧反应的火焰温度计算值为2502K,测定温度2468K,误差为0.14％.根据燃烧反应的火焰温度,推测S、H2S及CS2在氧气中燃烧反应机理.S燃烧反应机理为：（1）O2＋ hv→2O·,（2）S ＋O·→SO＋hv,（3）2SO＋O2→2SO2,（4）SO2＋O·→SO3 ＋hv.H2S燃烧反应机理为：（1）O2＋ hv→2O·,（2） H2S→H2 ＋S,（3）H2 ＋O·→H2O＋hv,（4）S＋O·→SO＋hv,（5） 2SO＋ O2→2SO2,（6）SO2 ＋O·→SO3＋ hv.CS2燃烧反应机理为：（1）O2＋hv→2O·,（2） CS2→C ＋2S,（3）C＋O·→CO＋ hv,（4）CO＋O·→CO＋hv,（5）S＋O·→SO＋ hv,（6）2SO＋ O2→2SO2,（7）SO2＋O·→SO3＋ hv.     

H2在N2O内燃烧反应机理探讨

本文利用公式ΔH=-0.1196n λ计算了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算值为3197K,与实际温度2923K较为接近.根据火焰温度,提出了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的机理,该机理为:(1)2N2O→N2 2NO;(2)NO hv→N· O;(3)N· NO→N2 O·;(4)H2 O·→H2O hv.     

甲烷燃烧反应的火焰温度

根据公式ΔH=W′=-0.1196n/λ计算了甲烷燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算温度为3134K,与实际温度3120K非常接近.这进一步明确了烃燃烧反应机理,该机理为:(1)O2+hν2O·;(2)CpH2qpC+qH2;(3)H2+O·H2O+hν;(4)C+O·CO+hν;(5)2CO+O22CO2.     

乙炔在NO中燃烧反应机理探讨

利用公式ΔH=-0.1196n λ计算了乙炔在NO中燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算值为3587K,与实际温度3368K非常接近.根据火焰温度,提出了乙炔在NO中燃烧反应的机理.该机理为:(1)NO+hν→N·+O·,(2)N·+NO→N2+O·,(3)C2H2→2C+H2,(4)H2+O·→H2O+hν,(5)C+O·→CO+hν,(6)CO+O·→CO2+hν.     

新型除草剂(ZJ0777)与牛血清蛋白结合作用的荧光光谱研究

该实验用荧光猝灭光谱和同步荧光光谱研究了在不同温度下,新型除草剂N-(2-溴苯基)-2-(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氧基)苄胺[ZJ0777][C19H18BrN3O3]与牛血清蛋白(BSA)结合反应的光谱行为.发现BSA与ZJ0777发生反应生成了新的复合物,属于静态荧光猝灭,由Lineweaver-Burk双倒数方程求出了不同温度下反应时复合物的形成常数KLB(287 K:1.955×103 L·mol-1;298 K:2.441×103L·mol-1;308 K:3.041×103 L·mol-1)及对应温度下结合反应的热力学参数(△H=15.566 kJ·mol-1;△S=117.24,117.08,117.22 J·K-1;△G=-18.082,-19.325,-20.537 kJ·mol-1),证明二者主要靠疏水作用力结合,结合点位为1.同时利用同步荧光光谱,考察了ZJ0777对BSA构象的影响.     

PbPd合金氢化反应分析

采用B3LYP方法,对钯和铅原子采用LANL2DZ收缩价基组,氢原子采用6-311++G**全电子基函数,得到了气态PbPd、PbPdH及H2分子的能量E、焓H和熵S.对于气固氢化反应1/2H2(g)+PbPd(s)=PbPdH(s),采用朱正和研究小组提出的气固反应热力学函数的近似计算方法,得到298.15～998.15 K温度范围内PbPdH(s)的生成热力学函数和PbPd合金氢化反应平衡压力,根据单点计算值拟合出反应平衡压力与温度的函数关系为logpH2=3.00-1.51×103/T.比较PbPdH(s)、PdH(s)和PdYH(s)的△Gθ的大小,得到△GθPdYH(s)△GθPbPdH(s)△GθPdH(s),这说明PbPd合金对H2的吸附能力比纯Pd要强,但比PdY合金要弱,因此在纯Pd中加入Y比加入Pb更有利于提高渗氢速率.     

天然气发动机的热效率

推导了焓变ΔH、机械功Wi与燃烧反应放出的光子的波长λ、数量n之间的关系,公式为ΔH=-W i-0.1196n/λ,计算热机效率η的公式为η=-Wi/ΔrHmo(298K)。若发动机燃料为甲烷,排气温度为970K,计算得到的热机效率为40.63%;若排气温度为298K,热机效率为70.19%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.