虚拟原型技术及其在控制系统设计中的应用

虚拟原型技术是当前设计、制造领域中的一个新技术。数字式的虚拟原型机交在很多场合替代物理原型机的使用,大大缩短设计周期,节约设计经费。本文具体分析虚拟原型在控制系统设计中的应用,阐述构筑虚拟原型机所需的应用技术。在控制系统设计中,虚拟原型机可以分成三个层次,分别完成控制律的设计,控制软件的开发和控制系统的定型验证的任务。     

Power in organizations: A contingent,relational view

The concept of power is central to social inquiry, yet it is highly varied and enigmatic. There is a wide-ranging and competing variety of subjectivist, objectivist, and relational conceptions of power. The first part of the paper examines this problem in an exegetical but critical manner. The aim is to develop a critical conception of this social phenomenon. The second part of the paper seeks to probe the nature of three types of systems approach in terms of their underwriting assumptions about power in society. The intent is twofold: to uncover the ideologically suppressed truths about the noxious forms of power and to develop a penetrative understanding of how the mystified “truths” in ideological conceptions of power contain hidden meanings that have the critical potential for educative enlightenment, empowerment, and emancipation for systems theory and practice.     

Science of winning soccer: Emergent pattern-forming dynamics in association football

Quantitative analysis is increasingly being used in team sports to better understand performance in these stylized, delineated, complex social systems. Here, the authors provide a first step toward understanding the pattern-forming dynamics that emerge from collective offensive and defensive behavior in team sports. The authors propose a novel method of analysis that captures how teams occupy sub-areas of the field as the ball changes location. The authors use this method to analyze a game of association football (soccer) based upon a hypothesis that local player numerical dominance is key to defensive stability and offensive opportunity. The authors find that the teams consistently allocated more players than their opponents in sub-areas of play closer to their own goal. This is consistent with a predominantly defensive strategy intended to prevent yielding even a single goal. The authors also find differences between the two teams’ strategies: while both adopted the same distribution of defensive, midfield, and attacking players (a 4: 3: 3 system of play), one team was significantly more effective in maintaining both defensive and offensive numerical dominance for defensive stability and offensive opportunity. That team indeed won the match with an advantage of one goal (2 to 1) but the analysis shows the advantage in play was more pervasive than the single goal victory would indicate. The proposed focus on the local dynamics of team collective behavior is distinct from the traditional focus on individual player capability. It supports a broader view in which specific player abilities contribute within the context of the dynamics of multiplayer team coordination and coaching strategy. By applying this complex system analysis to association football, the authors can understand how players’ and teams’ strategies result in successful and unsuccessful relationships between teammates and opponents in the area of play.     

系统方法论的发展及其内在动因分析

在分析“硬”、“软”两类系统方法论建立特点的基础上,探讨了多系统方法论兴起的背景以及整合类系统方法论对上述两类系统方法论提升。指出这种提升的内在动因有3个:复杂性认知动因、系统思想发展的认知动因和文化认知动因,从而为认识新系统方法论提供新的视角,并为理解目前系统方法论的快速发展原因提供了一种解释。     

基于复杂网络的世界航运中心网络结构与特征

航运中心城市是航运业集聚的空间载体。由于全球化和国际贸易的影响,航运产业链的不同价值部分在一定空间范围分布,考虑产业空间位置的产业链打破了传统的简单线性关系,形成复杂的网络关系。根据世界重要航运公司在各城市的职能分布,建立并验证了基于航运企业价值链接的世界航运中心之间呈现复杂的网络关系,世界航运城市网络具备小世界特征;对该复杂网络进行测度得出:国际航运中心出现向亚太地区转移的趋势;世界航运城市呈现"多核心复杂嵌套式核心—边缘"结构特征;提出了世界航运城市的网络级、核心节点级和边缘节点级3个层次。并建议通过建立航运龙头企业来提升上海在世界航运网络中的地位。     

用ANN模型扩展COMGIS系统的地震灾害模拟仿真功能

利用组件式GIS(COMGIS)技术来开发结合了专业震害分析模型的城市地震灾害模拟仿真系统,在VB下调用Matlab的神经网络工具箱来扩展GIS的地震灾害模拟仿真功能。研究表明:设定地震可随机输入,在系统菜单下直接调用水平成层土地震反应分析程序SHAKE91来计算出与设定震级相对应的场地土层地震动参数;实现了基于BP神经网络的震害模拟仿真模型在COMGIS系统中的模块化;系统的GIS空间分析功能可使模拟仿真结果与空间信息相匹配,实现了随机假定地震下城市潜在地震灾害的快速评估。     

Indexing of Content-Based Image Retrieval System with Image Understanding Approach

1 .INTRODUCTIONMuchattentionhasbeenpaidtoCBIR (content basedimageretrieval)inrecentyears[1 2 ] ,andvarioustech niqueshavebeenappliedtoretrieveimagesbasedonlow levelfeatures,includingcolor,texture,sketchandshape .These previouseffortshave producedmanyinterestingresults[4～ 9] basedondifferentimagefeaturesandmetrics.Especially ,theCBIRsystemsbasedonrelevancefeedback ,keywordsannotationandothernovelmethodsworkwellundermanykindsofimagequeries.However,therearestillsomeproblemsconcern ingCB…     

基于特征不变量的红外图像识别研究

给出了一种提取特征点的新方法和合理的特征不变量。该方法根据三角不等式原理利用第三边与另外两边之和的比值大小来确定角点,以特征点和它相邻的两个特征点所形成的两条直线的夹角正切值以及三角形第三边与另两边和的比值作为特征不变量。这种特征提取的方法简单,并且由于扩大了模板取值范围,使识别效果受特征点漏检的影响较小。实验表明,该方法不仅简便,而且效果良好。     

基于遗传神经网络的自整定PID控制器

提出了一种基于遗传算法和神经网络的自整定PID控制器的设计方法。该控制器主要由三个部分组成。第一部分利用遗传算法搜索出一组准优的PID参数，作为PID控制器参数的初值，第二部分利用神经网络具有逼近任意非线形函数的能力，在线调整PID参数，以确保系统的响应具有最优的动态和稳态性能，第三部分是传统的PID控制器，直接对被控对象闭环控制。计算机仿真结果表明，这种控制算法鲁棒性强，响应速度快，可用于控制不同的对象和过程。     

一种求解两机成组作业流水车间优化调度问题的遗传算法

当优化目标是总的流时间时,两机成组作业流水车间调度问题是NP难解的.本文提出了一种两机成组作业流水车间优化调度的遗传算法.该遗传算法分两层一层优化组内作业排序,一层优化组排序.仿真结果表明该方法的有效性.     

Straightforward Guess and Determine Analysis Based on Genetic Algorithm

With the development of artificial intelligence, the genetic algorithm has been widely used in many fields. In cryptography, the authors find it is natural to code an individual and design its fitness in a genetic algorithm for a straightforward guess and determine analysis (SGDA, in short). Based on this observation, the authors propose an SGDA based on genetic algorithm. Comparing it with the other three SGDAs based on exhaustive search, MILP method and CPP method respectively, the authors illustrate its effectiveness by three stream ciphers: Small scale SNOW 2.0, medium scale Enocoro-128v2 and large scale Trivium. The results show our method is significantly superior to them, especially for Trivium, the method can find a solution of 165 variables in less than one hour, while the other three methods are not applicable due to its enormous search space of size 2^619.37. As far as we know, it is a best solution in an SGDA for Trivium so far.

     

用于不连续特征电磁散射计算的新方法

从有限实验结果出发,提出了半实测法,该方法通过合理假设和简单计算,可计算出更多、更复杂不连续特征的散射特性.其基本假设是带有不连续特征的平板的电磁散射可由各部分的散射按相位叠加而成,包括以下三部分:带有不连续特征的平板的散射是由不连续特征的散射与平板的散射叠加而成;多个不连续特征的散射由单个不连续特征的散射按相位叠加而成;不连续特征的散射与其尺寸成正比.该方法可根据有限的实测结果来预估其它情况下带有不连续特征的平板的散射,具有计算效率高、占用内存小、工程实用强的特点.通过对台阶板、缝隙板的半实测法计算验证,证明了该方法的高效性.     

Rational general solutions of higher order algebraic odes

This paper generalizes the method of Ngô and Winkler (2010, 2011) for finding rational general solutions of a first order non-autonomous algebraic ordinary differential equation (AODE) to the case of a higher order AODE, provided a proper parametrization of its solution hypersurface. The authors reduce the problem of finding the rational general solution of a higher order AODE to finding the rational general solution of an associated system. The rational general solutions of the original AODE and its associated system are in computable 1-1 correspondence. The authors give necessary and sufficient conditions for the associated system to have a rational solution based on proper reparametrization of invariant algebraic space curves. The authors also relate invariant space curves to first integrals and characterize rationally solvable systems by rational first integrals.     

The Holistic Sense of Prison Phenomena in Venezuela. II. Toward a Profound Unveiling of the “Background”

This is the second article of the trilogy devoted to the study of the sense of Venezuelan prison institutions. It shows how the research reported in the first article gives way to the central question presented in this paper: What are the conditions of possibility of our discomfort and dissatisfaction with the current situation in the Venezuelan prisons? The reflection on this question progresses by uncovering different ways of understanding the sense of prisons. These serve as hypothetical grounds of the moral intuitions that make the prisons problematical. As the reflection develops, it seems to indicate that what underpins the problematical nature of the prison problem is the same post-modern liberal order which, according to the first article of the trilogy, underpins prison schizophrenia. This poses some theoretical questions, which give way to the third article of the trilogy. Finally, the possibility of an in-depth solution to the Venezuelan prison problem is discussed.

     

Consensus control design for multi-agent systems using relative output feedback

This paper studies the consensus problem of multi-agent systems in which all agents are modeled by a general linear system. The authors consider the case where only the relative output feedback between the neighboring agents can be measured. To solve the consensus problem, the authors first construct a static relative output feedback control under some mild constraints on the system model. Then the authors use an observer based approach to design a dynamic relative output feedback control. If the adjacent graph of the system is undirected and connected or directed with a spanning tree, with the proposed control laws, the consensus can be achieved. The authors note that with the observer based approach, some information exchange between the agents is needed unless the associated adjacent graph is completely connected.     

FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS- DEPENDENCE AND FEEDBACK IN DECISION-MAKING WITH A SINGLE NETWORK

The Analytic Network Process (ANP) is a multicriteria theory of measurement used to derive relative priority scales of absolute numbers from individual judgments (or from actual measurements normalized to a relative form) that also belong to a fundamental scale of absolute numbers. These judgments represent the relative influence, of one of two elements over the other in a pairwise comparison process on a third element in the system, with respect to an underlying control criterion. Through its supermatrix, whose entries are themselves matrices of column priorities, the ANP synthesizes the outcome of dependence and feedback within and between clusters of elements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with its independence assumptions on upper levels from lower levels and the independence of the elements in a level is a special case of the ANP. The ANP is an essential tool for articulating our understanding of a decision problem. One had to overcome the limitation of linear hierarchic structures and their     

Preface

Different from traditional tax audit, supervision with self-audit is a combination of audit by the taxpayer himself and audit by the tax authority. This paper mainly studies a taxpayer’s optimal policy of tax evasion under supervision with self-audit and its related properties, in order to deduce some effective suggestions and theoretical bases to restrain tax evasion. Assuming that only a certain proportion of evaded tax can be discovered when the audit is executed, the authors first formulate a static model with self-audit. This model is divided into two stages. At the first stage, taxpayers declare their taxes, then the tax authority chooses audit objects, based on a known probability, and announces the result; if the taxpayer is chosen, he will enter the second stage, during which he has a chance to pay the evaded tax and the corresponding late fees and then is audited by the tax authority. The authors show the existence and uniqueness of the optimal amount of tax evasion at the first stage and the optimal proportion to self-expose at the second stage. The authors also discuss the related properties of the interior solution, and do elasticity analyses on some parameters. Besides, the authors extend the static model into the corresponding two-period model, and study the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the extended model. Finally, under the assumption that tax evasion can only be discovered with a certain probability when the audit is executed, the authors formulate another static model with self-audit and investigate its properties. This research is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60674082, 70221001, and 70731003.     

基于子波变换的水声信号去噪方法研究

针对水声信号的低信噪比、非平稳性等特点，在对采集到的水声信号进行分析处理的基础上，提出了一种水声信号去噪的方法。该方法首先对采集到的低信噪比水声信号进行滑动取值，分别利用子波变换求功率谱，并进行统计平均，确定代表水声信号特征的频谱分量，去除不稳定的随机频谱分量；然后利用子波反变换将处理后的功率谱变换为时域信号；再利用子波软门限去噪方法去噪。通过仿真验证，获得了较好的效果。     

Two-Stage Point Cloud Super Resolution with Local Interpolation and Readjustment via Outer-Product Neural Network

This paper proposes a two-stage point cloud super resolution framework that combines local interpolation and deep neural network based readjustment. For the first stage, the authors apply a local interpolation method to increase the density and uniformity of the target point cloud. For the second stage, the authors employ an outer-product neural network to readjust the position of points that are inserted at the first stage. Comparison examples are given to demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves a better accuracy than existing state-of-art approaches, such as PU-Net, Point Net and DGCNN(Source code is available at https://github.com/qwerty1319/PC-SR).     

不同所有制企业组织结构的差异研究

基于大样本的统计分析，着重对组织结构这一企业内部环境因素在不同所有制企业配对组中的横向差异进行了对比和分析研究。结果发现：在企业的机构设置方面，国有企业与三资企业、私营企业存在显著的差异；在企业的管理机制方面，三资企业与国有企业、私营企业也存在显著差异。最后，作者对三种企业在组织结构方面提出调整措施。