三峡水库蓄水后荆江三口分流比估算

笔者根据近50年来的实测资料,分析了三口分流比变化的原因．在1955-1990年期间三口分流比递减,主要原因是荆江河段水位下降以及三口口门淤积;而在1990-2004年期间三口分流比基本变化不大,主要原因是荆江河段水位以及三口口门冲淤均变化不大、三峡蓄水以后,长江干流含沙量将会大幅度减少,笔者结合三峡蓄水以来的实测数据预测了蓄水20年后荆江河段的水位变化．在此基础上,计算了三口口门冲刷深度以及分流比的变化．结果表明,荆江河段中、高水位下降幅度有限,三口口门河床高程下降幅度较大,因而三口分流比将不会减少．     

遥感技术在长江江苏段防洪减灾中的应用

应用遥感多时相分析方法对长江岸滩变迁进行动态调查,研究河床的时空演变规律,结合河床边界条件分析及江岸崩坍灾害调查,进行江岸稳定性评价,为长江江苏段治理及防洪减灾提供基础资料和科学依据．结合长江流域生态环境变化的研究,提出长江长治久安的意见和进一步开展遥感工作的建议．     

三峡工程建成后长江中游应该关注的问题

三峡工程在2008年基本建成后,将为长江中游带来重大的防洪效益;但是,水库大量拦沙将使荆江河段泥沙出现严重不平衡泥沙冲刷将会对长江中游带来深刻的影响和一系列问题。此外,三峡水库的有效防洪能力相对较小,尽管近年来城陵矶附近的防洪形势严峻,但是,单靠三峡工程并不能解决城陵矶附近防洪的问题。从最危险的角度,提出了如果荆江发生严重冲刷和三峡承担城陵矶调度任务等将产生的问题,以便供有关的研究和规划参考。     

近300年来新疆三屯河与呼图壁河水系变迁研究

利用历史文献记载、历史地图、大比例尺地形图、各类地理考察成果、卫星影像资料,结合实地考察,采用历史地理学溯源法、地名学分析法、历史文献和历史地图解读等方法,对一直未引起学术界足够重视的天山北坡三屯河与呼图壁河水系的历史变迁问题进行了深入的论证研究,提出了近300年来玛纳斯湖群的历史变迁与三屯河、呼图壁河水系的历史变迁密切相关,复原了近300年来三屯河与呼图壁河水系河道变迁、水流空间分布过程及其与玛纳斯湖群历史变迁的密切关系,并且结合新疆近350年来的气候变化与人类社会经济活动变化的特点,分析了不同时间阶段河流水系变迁的主导因素。     

黄河三门峡建库前后44年下游河道冲淤变化特征分析

对三门峡建库前后44年下游河道的冲淤变化特征作了全面系统地分析研究。黄河下游河道逐年淤高，原因是来水少、来沙多，超过河床输沙能力所致，下游河床只适应于平均含沙量50kg／m3左右的洪水。本研究可为下游防洪、河道整治以及小浪底水库运用方式提供科学依据。     

Analysis on river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yantze River

The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of Yangtze River has been undergoing constant changes as complex landform, large mountain area and plentiful precipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze River very vulnerable to water erosion and gravity erosion. Through analyzing the hydrological and sediment load statistics recorded by major hydrological stations along Yangtze River since 1950s, and editing the accumulation graph of annual runoff volume and annual sediment load, we find out that the suspended-sediment of Yangtze river has been decreasing year by year in Wulong Hydrological Station on Wujiang River. Beibei Hydrological Station on Jialingjiang River, Lijiawan Hydrological Station on Tuojiang River and Gaochang Hydrological Station on Minjiang River, Yichang Hydrological Station, Cuntan Hydrological Station along Yangtze River mainstream share the same experience too. But the statistics obtained at Pingshan Hydrological Station on Jinshajiang River shows the sediment load there has increased. Taking ecological construction, hydraulic engineering construction and precipitation changes into consideration, the thesis analyses the causes for the sediment load decrease of Jialingjiang River, Tuojiang River, Minjiang River and Wujiang River and provides us both scientific foundation for further study of river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and measures to control river sedimentation. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50099620) Biography: ZHONG Xiang-hao (1942-), male, researcher, research direction: mountain environment and ecology.     

黄河下游防洪减淤对洪水水沙搭配的要求

本文总结了以往对黄河下游河道冲淤临界条件的研究情况，分析了下游河道淤积严重的水沙搭配情况；利用1960～1999年422场洪水资料建立了黄河下游4个河段洪水排沙比综合水沙与边界系数的关系，该系数包括流量、含沙量、洪峰流量变幅、洪水沿程衰减系数、洪水历时、早滩流量、前期累积淤特别是等因素；利用4个河段的冲淤临界条件勾画出了4个河段洪水冲淤调整与来水来沙搭配之间的关系；被关系可为小浪底水库调度决策以及黄河下游治理提供参考。     

Impact on the Yangtze (Changjiang) Estuary from its drainage basin: Sediment load and discharge

This paper focuses on the sediment transport and freshwater discharging from upper Yangtze drainage basin downstream, primarily on the basis of multiyear hy-drological data collected from three major hydrological gauge stations (Yichang, Hankou and Datong). Data indicate highest sediment load in Yichang (5.6×108 t/a), lowest in Hankou (5.1×108t) and second highest in Datong (5.4×108 t). This fluctuations are identical with what has been observed from the annual flood season. About one thirds of the sediment load are trapped in the middle Yangtze River course, where meandering river pattern prevails; rest of them are directly transported to the river mouth area via lower Yangtze River channel, where the river is typically confined by the exposed base rock and almost none is being trapped, instead, minor being drained to the mainstream from the local tributaries. To recognize this sediment delivery and river flow media is vital, because it can highlight morphologic/topographic correlation between the upper drainage basin and the estuary and the erosion and siltation in the river mouth area, where extensive coast has been exclaimed and or being exclaimed, and new navigation channel and port is being constructed. It is particularly crucial for monitoring the impact on estuarine change after 3-Gorges dam being closed in 2009. Data also indicate an increase in freshwater discharging downstream (>7.7×1111 m3/a), of which -50% derived from the upstream and another half concentrated from the local tributaries. The result shows that this numerous freshwater has constantly flowed into the river mouth area to support the estuarine aquaculture and ecosystem, where it is confronted with huge amount of tidal prism (>10 times more than that of the annual runoff) transforming from offshore. Thus, a great concern for saltwater intrusion especially during the dry season is aroused, largely due to the intense upstream agriculture irrigation and large water transfer project, such as the well-planned South-North Water Transfer project.     

从沙河治理美化看城市河道环境建设

介绍了太原市城市河道的发展现状及特点,论述了南、北沙河治理美化工程在城市建设中的重要性,结合太原市目前河道现状,提出了一些较为可行的合理化建议。