中间包底吹氩工艺优化的模拟研究

建立模拟中间包底吹氩过程的气-液两相流数学模型,研究了控流装置的布置方式、吹氩量对中间包内钢液流动行为和钢液平均停留时间的影响,并利用水模型试验对数值模拟的准确性进行了验证。与相同条件下的物理模拟结果对比可知,利用所建数学模型模拟计算中间包内钢液流动行为是可行的。数值模拟结果表明,在中间包内设置挡墙、挡坝和透气砖时,最佳的透气砖位置是距塞棒570 mm,氩气流量为31.26L/min,此时钢液平均停留时间为8.74min;利用透气砖代替挡坝和挡墙均延长了中间包内钢液的平均停留时间,且随着吹氩量的增大,钢液平均停留时间大致呈减少趋势;对比透气砖和挡坝组合,采用透气砖和挡墙组合更利于提高钢液的纯净度,此时较优的吹氩量为20.84L/min,相应的中间包内钢液平均停留时间为8.77min。     

单流中间包温降行为数值模拟

钢液在中间包内的温降对连铸坯质量有不利影响。针对国内某钢厂单流连铸中间包实际情况,采用数值模拟方法,分析了控流装置的位置和尺寸对中间包内温度分布影响。研究表明,下挡墙高度为268 mm,上挡墙底部与包底距离为175 mm,上下挡墙的相对距离为700 mm,上挡墙距钢液入口距离为722 mm,中间包内温度分布最优。     

连铸中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性与控流装置的优化设置

中间包内耐火材料的损毁是化学反应、热应力与钢液流动的协同作用所致,中间包内控流装置发生侵蚀的主要原因是钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀.对设置有湍流控制器、挡渣堰、挡渣坝的中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性进行数值模拟计算与分析,结果表明,中间包内冲蚀最严重的部位是在湍流控制器及冲击区包壁上部1/3处,其次是挡渣堰迎向钢液流动一侧壁面;随着挡渣堰与钢液入口距离的增加,钢液对挡渣堰、挡渣坝的冲蚀强度下降;根据停留时间分布(RTD)曲线设置中间包控流装置时,应考虑钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀特性.     

底吹中间包内钢液及夹杂物运动特性的数模研究

根据某厂实际中间包的操作工艺参数，采用欧拉两流体模型和拉格郎日随机轨道模型，模拟计算采用湍流控制器和气幕挡墙技术的中间包内的钢液流动特性及钢水中夹杂物的运动行为，研究结果表明，中间包底部吹气过程可以有效地改善钢液的流动状态，消除短路流，起到中间包档墙的作用，并且增大夹杂物在中间包内上浮排出率，大大提高了钢水的清洁度．     

气幕挡墙技术优化多流中间包数模研究

采用数学模拟方法,依据某无缝钢厂实际六流中间包操作工艺参数,应用欧拉两流体模型、多孔介质模型、欧拉-拉格朗日随机轨道模型及Monte-Carlo法,引入气泡吸附模型,研究了气幕挡墙技术对中间包内钢液流动特性及夹杂物去除率的影响.结果表明,采用气幕挡墙技术,对于改善钢液流动状态、均衡各出口停留时间、延长钢液平均停留时间、降低死区体积、提高夹杂物去除率和实现多流超纯净钢冶炼效果显著.     

三流异型连铸中间包结构优化的数值模拟

根据西宁特殊钢股份有限公司三流异型连铸中间包的结构和操作参数,提出中间包结构的优化方案,应用ANSYS CFX数值模拟软件计算不同控流装置下中间包内的流场和温度场分布,并建立物理模型对数值模拟的结果进行验证,确定最佳的优化方案。结果表明,原型中间包内流场和温度场分布不均匀,3个水口最大温差达3.11K,导致各水口处铸坯质量存在差异;使用U形挡墙后,中间包内钢液的流动特性得以改善,其成分和温度分布更为均匀,3个水口的最大温差仅为0.20K。     

上挡墙位置变化对单流中间包流场特征的影响

应用水力模拟试验,对某钢厂板坯单流连铸中间包流场特征开展研究。采用"刺激-响应"技术,通过调整上挡墙控流装置在中间包内的不同位置,以研究中间包内流场特征的变化。研究结果显示,设置上挡墙的中间包流场特征趋于合理化,以全混流区为主,存在部分活塞流区和少量的死区。相比未设置上挡墙的中间包流场,其平均停留时间延长、活塞流区比例增加、死区比例降低。其中,上挡墙距中间包入水口间距离为160 mm时,钢液平均停留时间最长为336 s、活塞流比例最大为5.15%、死区比例最小为25.7%。     

H型中间包与T型中间包的水模对比研究

进行了H型中间包的挡墙和坝的水模拟优化试验,确定出挡墙和坝的最佳设计方案。结合H型中间包的优点,与普遍使用的T型中间包进行了水模实验对比研究。研究表明：H型中间包内流动比T型中间包内更加稳定;当挡墙间距为130 mm、上挡墙高为87.5 mm、下挡墙高为52.5 mm时,H型中间包内液体的流动状态最好,死区体积比T型中间包小;符合工艺参数条件下增大中间包容积有利于停留时间的延长。     

连铸中间包分流挡渣实验研究

在中间包流场分布分析的基础上,借助水模拟试验研究了6流小方坯连铸中间包内钢水流动规律,通过设置分流挡渣墙改进中间包内的钢水流动,分离钢水和炉渣,提高钢中夹杂物的上浮率,达到了预期的效果,并应用于生产实践.     

湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动的影响

采用水模拟试验研究湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动特性的影响。结果表明,拉速变化时单层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,双层湍流抑制器能延长包内钢液平均停留时间;液位变化时双层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,相同液位下双层湍流抑制器使钢液在中间包内平均停留时间较之于单层湍抑器相应值至少增加20s;3种湍流抑制器对中间包流场的改善程度从大到小排序为:双层湍流抑制器,八角形湍流抑制器,单层湍流抑制器。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to