金属热变形时摩擦力界条件的确定

通过圆环压缩的有限元模拟和实验的方法分析了金属在高温下变形时的摩擦边界条件,分析了摩擦因数的大小对环形件压缩时变形和应力的影响,通过０模拟计算和实验确定了磨擦的变化规律和金属热变形时磨擦因数的取值范围。     

超塑性压缩变形的理论计算及比较

本文论述了超塑性压缩变形的粘塑性有限元计算方法,对硬铝压缩变形进行模拟计算,得到变形过程中的速度分布、应变率分布,应变分布、应力分布等一系列变形流动信息; 与计算圆柱体超塑性压缩流动应力的上限法、滑移线法和变分法进行比较.计算表明,有限元法和变分法的结果比较接近实验数据.     

金属成型特殊非协调大变形有限元数值模拟

在金属成型领域,一种较新的特殊非协调大变形有限元法,即增强假设应变有限元法(简称EASM)已被研究用于进行数值模拟.为使该方法可适用于分析压缩大变形问题,对原由Simo提出的EASM列式进行了修正并编制了用于数值模拟变形过程的增强假设应变有限元程序EAS.FOR,通过2个标准算例来验证该方法的可行性和有效性.     

金属成型特殊非协调大变形有限元数值模拟

在金属成型领域,一种较新的特殊非协调大变形有限元法,即增强假设应变有限元法(简称EASM)已被研究用于进行数值模拟.为使该方法可适用于分析压缩大变形问题,对原由Simo提出的EASM列式进行了修正并编制了用于数值模拟变形过程的增强假设应变有限元程序EAS.FOR,通过2个标准算例来验证该方法的可行性和有效性.     

ANSYS在钢筋混凝土梁有限元中的应用

文章结合钢筋混凝土材料的特殊性，利用大型有限元计算软件ANSYS计算受弯构件梁的变形及其正截面应边应变。最后将有限元计算的结果（裂缝开展深度、钢筋应力、混凝土应力）与精解比较，分析误差存在的原因及改进的方法和措施。     

Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-0.80Mg-0.63Si-0.61Cu合金进行等温热压缩试验,研究其在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为.研究结果表明：流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随变形温度的升高而降低,在高应变速率和较低温度条件下,应力出现锯齿波动,呈不连续再结晶特征;该铝合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其变形激活能为176.54 kJ/mol.     

一种改进型轮毂的有限元分析

本文根据轮毂在整车工作时所受的应力分布,采用Inventor软件建立制动鼓的三维数模,模拟整车工作,构建力学模型并进行载荷计算,在ANSYS Workbench中对模型进行有限元网格划分、约束和加载,完成有限元计算分析,得出应力和变形分布,验证改进结构设计的合理性。     

SICO试样压缩失稳的分析与模拟

对Q235钢SICO(应变诱导裂纹试验)试样压缩失稳问题进行了经典理论分析,认为该SICO试样失稳属于小柔度塑性失稳和中等柔度失稳范畴,并进行物理模拟和DEFORM有限元数值模拟.结果表明:试样长径比小于等于4:1时为对称变形小柔度塑性失稳;试样长径比大于4:1且小于7:1时为单鼓形不对称变形小柔度塑性失稳;试样长径比大于等于7:1时为压缩弯曲不对称变形中等柔度失稳.     

新型钴基耐热合金高温流变变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上,采用等温压缩试验,研究了一种含Ti和Al的新型钴基耐热合金在850~1150℃温度范围的压缩变形行为.实验结果表明:该合金具有良好的抗高温流变性能,在850℃及应变速率0·0021~2·1s-1范围时其峰值流变应力可以达到360~475MPa.合金的流变行为可用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述.     

金属热变形时摩擦边界条件的确定

通过圆环压缩的有限元模拟和实验的方法分析了金属在高温下变形时的摩擦边界条件,分析了摩擦因数的大小对环形件压缩时变形和应力的影响．通过模拟计算和实验确定了摩擦的变化规律和金属热变形时摩擦因数的取值范围．     

Characteristics of decadal-centennial-scale changes in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age and in the present day

Using meteorological observations, proxies of precipitation and temperature, and climate simulation outputs, we synthetically analyzed the regularities of decadal-centennial-scale changes in the summer thermal contrast between land and ocean and summer precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region during the past millennium; compared the basic characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation and precipitation in the present day, the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP); and explored their links with solar irradiance and global climate change. The results indicate that over the last 150 years, the EASM circulation and precipitation, indicated by the temperature contrast between the East Asian mainland and adjacent oceans, had a significant decadal perturbation and have been weaker during the period of rapid global warming over the past 50 years. On the centennial time scale, the EASM in the MWP was strongest over the past 1000 years. Over the past 1000 years, the EASM was weakest in 1450?C1570. When the EASM circulation was weaker, the monsoon rain belt over eastern China was generally located more southward, with there being less precipitation in North China and more precipitation in the Yangtze River valley; therefore, there was an anomalous pattern of southern flood/northern drought. From the 1900s to 1920s, precipitation had a pattern opposite to that of the southern flood/northern drought, with there being less precipitation in the Yangtze River valley and more precipitation in North China. Compared with the case for the MWP, there was a longer-time-scale southern flood/northern drought phenomenon in 1400?C1600. Moreover, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not synchronously vary with the trend of global temperature. During the last 150 years, although the annual mean surface temperature around the world and in China has increased, the EASM circulation and precipitation did not have strengthening or weakening trends. Over the past 1000 years, the weakest EASM occurred ahead of the lowest Northern Hemispheric temperature and corresponded to the weakest solar irradiance.     

基于中国南方石笋记录的古气候周期探讨

 通过对葫芦洞、三宝洞和董哥洞末次盛冰期（~30 000 aBP）以来的石笋氧同位素数据序列进行连续小波变换。其结果显示在中国南方区域冰期的气候波动较全新世剧烈,盛冰期的气候波动较冰消期剧烈。在全新世阶段,董哥洞和三宝洞石笋氧同位素的周期均具有显著的三阶段特征。但在千百年尺度上,两地气候周期的长度和强度并不尽相同,董哥洞石笋氧同位素的周期信号相对较弱。其原因是董哥洞区域受西南季风和东亚季风的共同影响,二者之间的反相位关系削弱和改变了气候变化的千年周期。这一特征反映了不同季风区域、不同周期的气候变化主导因素可能有所差异。分析结果同时显示,在~3 000 aBP,东亚区域气候模式可能发生了重大转折。     

Natural interdecadal weakening of East Asian summer monsoon in the late 20th century

Based on the reanalysis data throughout 1948-2002 as derived from the United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research, it is revealed that East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） intensity weakens on an interdecadal timescale since the mid-1960s, and twice interdecadal jumps are recorded in the EASM intensity index series in the late 20th century, respectively occurring in the mid-1960s and mid- to late 1970s. Six globally coupled atmosphere-ocean models＇ outputs under the SRES A2 greenhouse gas and aerosol emission scenario, provided by the IPCC Data Distribution Center and the Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research, are then systematically examined. It follows that the above EASM weakening is not closely related to synchro- nizing anthropogenic global warming, and, therefore, it should be qualitatively natural change process. Over the 21st century, the EASM intensity is likely increased slightly by continually intensified greenhouse effect relative to the late 20th century.     

太阳磁场磁性指数对东亚夏季风的影响

根据太阳黑子相对数建立了1850~2011年太阳磁场磁性指数序列,并分析了其变化规律与特征,应用SLP和NCEP/NCAR资料归一化得出相对应年代的东亚夏季风指数以及东亚地区的海陆温度变化趋势,基于Morlet小波分析法对太阳磁场磁性指数和东亚夏季风的相关性做了相应的分析,并在此基础上分析了太阳活动影响东亚夏季风的途径。结果表明:海陆温差的变化是太阳活动影响东亚夏季风的主要途径;从1972年开始东亚地区海陆温差大幅度减小,随之东亚夏季风也存在较大幅度的减弱并与太阳磁场磁性指数呈负相关;且太阳磁场磁性指数与东亚夏季风存在相同的22年和40年层次周期。     

The influence of moderate ENSO on summer rainfall in eastern China and its comparison with strong ENSO

The 6 major ENSO events since 1979 are classified into the strong and moderate ENSO based on intensity. The composite analysis is performed to reveal the influence of ENSO on East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and summer rainfall in eastern China. It is shown that the influence is changed with the seasonal cycle in summer, with a weaker influence in June and a stronger influence in August, indicating a long lagged effect of ENSO on EASM. Besides, the circulation and rainfall anomalies caused by the strong ENSO are also stronger with an earlier starting time, while the influence of the moderate ENSO is evident in August. The composite summer rainfall in eastern China for the moderate ENSO exhibits a northern rainfall pattern, which is totally different from the classical ENSO-type rainfall pattern. Based on the composite analysis, two moderate ENSO years with a similar intensity （i.e., 1995 and 2003） are compared. The result shows that, the response of EASM to the moderate ENSO during June and July is, to a certain degree, modulated by the circulation systems in mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and in the Southern Hemisphere, thereby inducing a different rainfall distribution in eastern China. In comparison with the strong ENSO in 1983, it is further revealed that, the strong ENSO plays a dominant role in summer rainfall anomalies in eastern China as well as in controlling the influence of the other factors on EASM. The strong ENSO is therefore different with the moderate ENSO.     

The strengthening East Asia summer monsoon since the early 1990s

Previous studies have documented a weakening tendency of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) since the end of the 1970s. In this study, we report that the EASM has been recovering since the early 1990s, although its strength is still less than in previous decades (averaged over the period 1965-1980). Following the recovery of the EASM, there has been a tendency in the last decade toward northward-moving rainbands and excessive rainfall in the Huaihe River valley (110°-120°E, 30°-35°N). There is evidence suggesting that the strengthening EASM since the early 1990s is linked to interdecadal change of land-sea thermal contrast.     

Decadal change of the East Asian summer monsoon and its related surface temperature in Asia-Pacific during 1880–2004

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） and its related change of surface temperature in the past century were not clearly ad- dressed due to absence of atmospheric reanalysis data before 1948. On the benchmark of station-observed sea level pressure （SLP） in China, we utilized multiple SLP datasets and evaluated their qualities in measuring the SLP-based EASM index （EASMI）. It is found that the EASMI based on the SLP of the Hadley center version 2 （HadSLP2） has shown the best performance on the inter- annual and decadal time scales. Instead of showing a linear weakening trend pointed out by the previous study, the EASMI has likely exhibited the decadal variability, characterized by weakened trends during 1880-1906, 1921-1936, and 1960-2004, and with enhanced trends during 1906-1921 and 1936-1960, respectively. Corresponding to the weakened and enhanced periods of EASMI since the 1920s, the surface air temperature （SAT） index （SATI） averaged in eastern China has likely shown a warming and a cooling trend, respectively. However, the decadal abrupt transitions between the two indices do not occur concurrently, which results in a weak correlation between two indices on the decadal time scale. Further analysis indicates that there are four key regions where the SAT is significantly correlated with the EASMI, suggesting the joint impact of surface temperature in Asia-Pacific on the EASM during 1880-2004. In which, the decadal change of SAT near the Lake Baikal plays an important role in the linear trends of the EASM before and after 1960.     

Inverse correlation between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia？

There is a scientific debate on the relationship between ancient winter and summer monsoons in East Asia. Some scholars think that East Asian winter and summer monsoons are anti-correlated, and others think not. For this reason, this study is motivated to assess their linkage from the paleoclimate simulation perspective, through analyzing the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM） and mid-Holocene （MH） climate simulated by CCSM3 model. Compared to the present climate, the Aleutian low is found to be deepened and the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） is stronger during the LGM winter. The Pacific high in summer is noticed to be weakened and the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is weaker at the LGM. During the MH, the Aleutian low and the Asian high in winter are intensified, and the Asian low and the Pacific high in summer are enhanced, indicating that the EAWM and EASM are both stronger than today. Therefore, the EAWM is not always negatively correlated to the EASM. Their relationship may be different at different geological stages. It can be obtained at least from the numerical simulation results that the EAWM and the EASM is negatively correlated during the cooling period, while positively correlated during the warming period.     

中国东部季风区小冰期干湿变化及影响机制

通过对已发表的中国东部季风区小冰期气候重建结果和全球不同气候模式的对比分析,探讨我国季风区小冰期的气候干湿响应模式.本文认为:中国季风区小冰期的干湿变化受到西伯利亚冷高压的影响,华北和东北受影响最大,而中部和南部季风区变化机制更为复杂;我国季风区的小冰期存在以秦岭淮河(约34°N)为大致分界的北部冷干和南部冷湿模式,这种模式在千年或更长的时间尺度上的存在性,需要更多高分辨率的古气候资料以及模拟数据进行探讨.