饱水与干燥状态下横观各向同性板岩蠕变特性

为研究水对横观各向同性板岩蠕变特性的影响,采用RYL-600微机控制岩石流变仪,以分级增量加载方式对饱水与干燥状态下具有横观各向同性特性的板岩进行蠕变试验.试验结果表明:饱水板岩试样和干燥板岩试样在蠕变试验中均出现瞬时弹性变形阶段、初始蠕变阶段、等速蠕变阶段及短暂的加速蠕变阶段.在相同加载条件下,饱水板岩试样的瞬时弹性模量小于干燥板岩试样的瞬时弹性模量.低应力状态下,饱水及干燥试样的蠕变速率都稳定,且相差不大;在高应力状态下,两种情况的蠕变速率都随载荷的增加而快速增长,且相差较大.饱水试样的破坏应力小于干燥试样的破坏应力,且随着层理角的增加都呈U形分布.     

铜及其合金室温蠕变的研究

以退火纯铜及正火铝青铜在轴向拉伸下进行室温静、动态蠕变试验.试验表明,两种材料在室温下均存在蠕变行为,其静态蠕变量ε与时间对数Int成线性关系,与理论推导相一致;其循环蠕变量与N的关系达一定值后不再服从对数规律,蠕变速率发生转折、变小.循环蠕变速率远大于静态蠕变速率.试验还证实了蠕变抗力与材料的某些力学性能密切相关.通过微观组织结构分析,揭示了材料在室温下产生蠕变行为的原因,并解释了两种材料蠕变行为的差异.     

密封材料工业纯钛TA2中低温压缩蠕变行为

对工业纯钛TA2在不同温度以及不同压力下进行压缩蠕变实验,分析了工业纯钛TA2压缩稳态蠕变以及压缩瞬时蠕变行为,研究发现工业纯钛TA2在低温低应力条件下存在蠕变饱和现象。通过对蠕变数据分析计算得到TA2在353～523 K之间的蠕变激活能Qc=30 k J/mol,且稳态蠕变速率6)εs与应力σ之间满足幂律方程;运用一级动力学反应理论求得不同条件下工业纯钛TA2压缩瞬时蠕变参数,并建立了瞬时蠕变参数与稳态蠕变速率的关系。     

辽西花岗岩三轴蠕变时效性试验

为研究辽西花岗岩的工程力学性能,采用TAW-2000电液伺服岩石三轴仪,对辽西花岗岩试样分别进行了围压为5 MPa、10 MPa和20 MPa条件下的三轴蠕变实验.基于不同围压条件下的三轴蠕变试验数据,绘制辽西花岗岩的三轴蠕变曲线、等时应力应变曲线和蠕变速率曲线,分析试样的蠕变起始应力和长期强度.研究结果表明:等时应力应变与蠕变速率相结合的方法能更好地描述蠕变的发展过程、变形特征和蠕变阶段.随着围压的增加,蠕变速率的波动范围减小,加速蠕变段的发展过程更为平稳,蠕变破坏经历的时间也更长.实验数据的统计分析结果表明:试样的蠕变长期强度阈值为(0.7~0.8)(σ1-σ3).     

板岩各向异性蠕变特性试验研究

利用RYL-600微机控制岩石剪切流变仪,对江西九江地区典型板岩进行单轴压缩蠕变试验,研究板岩内部固有各向异性对蠕变特性的影响。研究结果表明:板岩试样蠕变曲线均出现明显的瞬时弹性阶段、衰减蠕变阶段和稳态蠕变阶段,并未出现加速蠕变阶段,且试样在应力水平稳定的状态下突然发生破坏,表现出明显的脆性破坏特征;随着层理面倾角变化,蠕变破坏类型即剪切破坏和张拉破坏也发生变化;在初始应力水平下,层理面倾角为60°时的瞬时弹性应变最大,倾角为90°时的瞬时弹性应变最小,且随着应力水平大,瞬时弹性模量逐渐上升并趋于稳定,瞬时弹性应变则呈逐渐降低的趋势;蠕变速率随应力水平提高而逐渐增大,层理面倾角为60°的试样在高应力下出现最大蠕变速率。     

两种铁基和镍基高温合金在复杂应力条件下的蠕变及断裂

本文研究了一种铁基合金GH_(132)在650℃和一种镍基GH_(33)A合金在750℃的纯蠕变及复杂应力条件下的蠕变及断裂。提出无论是低强度高塑性的GH_(132)合金还是高强度低塑性的GH_(33)A合金在蠕变——疲劳交互作用的复杂应力条件下都将会不同程度地导致材料的弱化而引起过早的断裂。而且这种弱化随应力的升高而加剧。在固定平均应力条件下叠加一个交变应力的动态蠕变与恒定应力的静态蠕变相比较将促使断裂寿命降低。此乃是叠加疲劳促进蠕变断裂的结果。交变应力振幅较小时,对稳态蠕变速率影响不大,控制蠕变第Ⅱ阶段的主要因素是平均应力,但交变应力的振幅较大时将使稳态蠕变速率大大增加。复合交变应力能促进蠕变第Ⅲ阶段的过早来临和试样的过早断裂。     

低应力条件下水对斜长岩蠕变性能的影响

利用RYL-600微机控制岩石剪切流变仪,采用分级增量循环加、卸载方式,对金川有色金属公司Ⅱ矿区斜长岩在风干和饱和水2种条件下进行单轴压缩蠕变试验,获得相应的蠕变试验曲线。以试验结果为依据,探讨饱和水对斜长岩蠕变特性的影响。试验结果表明:在同一应力下,饱和水试件的蠕变曲线及蠕变速率曲线均位于干燥试样相应曲线的上方,即在相同载荷作用下,饱和水试件产生相应的变形要大,说明水能加速变形,且饱和状态的比干燥状态蠕变速率达到稳定阶段所经历的时间较长,这与实际结果相一致。     

压水堆一回路环境中304不锈钢的蠕变特性分析

裂尖结构蠕变应变是核电结构材料应力腐蚀裂纹扩展的主要驱动力之一,为了了解核电结构材料在核电高温水环境下的蠕变特性,本文利用高压釜模拟核电一回路高温高压水环境,对核电结构材料304不锈钢进行了不同应力下的单轴拉伸蠕变实验,基于时间硬化本构模型得出了其在320℃下的蠕变本构方程,并结合ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了高应力下获取蠕变的数值模拟方法。结果表明,应力和时间对蠕变变形有着很大的影响,蠕变速率在初期很大,随着蠕变时间的延长,由于合金加工硬化现象的产生,导致蠕变速率逐渐减少并趋于稳定;温度一定时,蠕变变形和蠕变速率同样随着应力的增大而增大。利用ABAQUS可以有效获取高应力下蠕变规律的数值模拟方法,研究结果为核电结构材料安全性评定提供了一定的参考作用。     

基于蠕变试验的ZChSnSb11-6应力松弛特性研究

在相同温度下,对巴氏合金ZCh Sn Sb11-6做了蠕变试验,获得合金在Norton形式和指数形式下的稳态蠕变方程,并利用所得系数得到合金在两种形式下应力松弛计算公式。采用ANSYS有限元分析软件模拟巴氏合金ZCh Sn Sb11-6的应力松弛过程,得到松弛过程中的蠕变曲线,并比较了理论与有限元方法计算结果,两种方法相对误差不到0.5%。结果表明:在松弛过程中,Norton形式的蠕变速率比指数形式的蠕变速率小,且相比指数形式,Norton形式下的应力松弛计算公式精度更高,更适合于巴氏合金ZCh Sn Sb11-6.     

多晶纯钛中应变率拉伸力学行为实验研究

利用MTS809和自行研制的中应变率材料试验机,在室温下对多晶纯钛进行了0.004~14 s-1的准静态至中应变率范围内的拉伸试验,得到了多晶纯钛的拉伸应力应变关系.试验结果表明,多晶纯钛的拉伸力学行为在准静态至中应变率范围内具有明显的应变率强化效应和应变硬化效应,且有随应变率增大而逐渐明显的绝热温升软化效应.金相观察显示,拉伸变形过程中伴随孪生机制且孪晶密度随加载应变率的升高而增大.基于Johnson-Cook模型,提出了通过引入综合绝热温升软化系数Ψ来计及与应变率相关的绝热温升软化效应的修正的热粘塑性本构模型.结果表明,该模型能较好地表征多晶纯钛在本试验应变率范围内的拉伸力学行为.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.