变形钢筋与高强轻骨料混凝土的黏结-滑移性能

研究变形钢筋与轻骨料混凝土间的黏结-滑移性能,完成了9组中心拉拔试验,分析了轻骨料混凝土强度、锚固长度、粗骨料类型及钢筋的直径对黏结应力的影响.结合试验结果,采用厚壁模型,给出了轻骨料混凝土黏结强度的解析解,并建立了钢筋与轻骨料混凝土间的黏结应力-滑移曲线本构模型.结果表明:轻骨料混凝土的黏结-滑移性能主要受砂浆强度影响,使得该类混凝土与变形钢筋间的黏结应力优于普通混凝土;黏结强度随着轻骨料混凝土的强度提高而增加,随着黏结长度的降低而增加;本文提出的本构模型能够较为准确地预测试验曲线.     

方钢管再生混凝土粘结滑移性能试验研究

为了研究方钢管再生混凝土的界面粘结滑移性能,利用废弃混凝土作为再生粗骨料制作了10根方钢管再生混凝土短柱试件,并对其进行推出试验研究,试验中考虑了混凝土强度等级、埋置长度和再生粗骨料取代率3个变化参数的影响,获取了方钢管和再生混凝土界面之间的荷载—滑移曲线,分析了各变化参数对起滑粘结强度和极限粘结强度的影响。研究结果表明:方钢管再生混凝土荷载—滑移曲线大致经历了4个阶段,即无滑移阶段、应力上升阶段、应力突变阶段及应力下降阶段;取代率对起滑粘结强度和极限粘结强度的影响较小,但埋置长度较小试件的起滑和极限粘结强度比埋置长度较大试件的大;混凝土强度对其二者影响较大。     

型钢陶粒混凝土粘结强度影响因素分析

采用四因素三水平正交试验设计方法,基于推出试验考虑了混凝土保护层厚度、型钢锚固长度、混凝土强度和配箍率4个影响因素,研究了型钢轻骨料混凝土的平均粘结强度和局部粘结强度。正交分析表明:锚固长度对平均粘结强度影响最大,其次是配箍率、混凝土强度和混凝土保护层厚度。平均粘结强度取0.5 MPa是安全的。型钢轻骨料混凝土的局部粘结强度并不比普通混凝土低。影响局部粘结强度的强弱次序是混凝土保护层厚度、配箍率、保护层厚度和型钢埋置长度。增加配箍率可同时有效提高平均粘结强度和局部粘结强度。为确保陶粒混凝土和型钢在一起更好地共同工作,有必要考虑上述因素的影响,确定每个因素的合理取值。     

高温下型钢混凝土黏结滑移性能研究

高温下型钢与混凝土之间的黏结滑移对型钢混凝土结构高温下的力学性能具有重要影响,为了研究高温下型钢混凝土的黏结强度与滑移特性,进行18个高温下型钢混凝土短柱推出试验及3个常温下的对比试验.试验结果表明:高温下型钢混凝土短柱试件的荷载-滑移曲线与常温下大体相似,分为上升段、下降段、残余段.随着温度的升高和最高温度持续时间的增大,型钢与混凝土之间的极限黏结强度和残余黏结强度不断降低,与极限黏结强度相对应的滑移减小,与残余黏结强度项对应的滑移加大.在试验结果基础上,构建了高温下型钢混凝土黏结滑移本构模型,提出了本构模型中极限黏结强度、残余黏结强度及相应滑移的计算方法,计算结果与试验结果基本相符,研究成果为高温下型钢混凝土构件考虑黏结滑移影响的数值模拟分析提供了条件.     

型钢混凝土不同界面的黏结性能及锚固设计

为了研究不同界面型钢混凝土的自然黏结性能,设计4个试件进行静力单调推出试验,试件分别考虑了型钢外翼缘、内翼缘、腹板以及全截面与混凝土黏结时的4种不同情况,通过试验观察了各试件的受力破坏过程和形态,获取了荷载-滑移曲线、极限黏结强度等参数,分析了型钢不同界面与混凝土的黏结强度;此外,为了深层次研究型钢混凝土构件的黏结锚固性能,设计了3个焊接栓钉的型钢混凝土试件进行静力单调推出试验,试件分别考虑了栓钉仅焊接在型钢外翼缘、腹板、以及外翼缘和腹板均焊接3种不同情况,获取了焊接栓钉后型钢混凝土试件的黏结滑移性能,分析了不同位置处焊接栓钉对型钢混凝土黏结性能的影响,最后分别推导并建立了型钢混凝土构件仅考虑自然黏结以及焊接栓钉时的最小锚固长度计算公式.研究结果表明,不同界面型钢混凝土的自然黏结强度不相等,腹板处黏结强度最小,外翼缘次之,内翼缘最大,三者的比例关系为1∶1.39∶1.59;栓钉焊接位置对黏结性能有影响,腹板处焊接栓钉比在翼缘处焊接栓钉试件的延性更好.     

钢-再生混凝土界面黏结机制及强度计算方法

为研究型钢、钢管与再生混凝土界面黏结作用机制,采用服役超50a的混凝土作为再生粗骨料来源,设计了31个试件进行推出试验,试验考虑了配钢形式、再生粗骨料取代率、长径比及混凝土强度等级4个变化参数对钢-再生混凝土黏结性能的影响.试验获取了各试件加载端和自由端的荷载-滑移曲线,并基于实测结果得到了3种钢与再生混凝土的界面黏结强度,分析了各变化参数对黏结强度的影响,探讨了钢-再生混凝土界面黏结强度的计算方法,推导了黏结剪力传递长度的计算公式.研究结果表明,钢-再生混凝土试件的加载端起滑均比自由端发展得早;型钢试件的黏结强度大于圆钢管试件,而圆钢管试件又大于方钢管试件;随再生粗骨料取代率的增加,试件的黏结强度略呈增大之势;随着混凝土强度的提高,试件的黏结强度有一定提高;方钢管与再生混凝土的黏结强度随长径比的增大而减小.     

基于黏结的型钢陶粒混凝土推出试验有限元模拟

考虑混凝土保护层厚度、配箍率、混凝土强度和型钢埋置长度等影响因素,对型钢陶粒混凝土推出试件进行有限元分析.分析中引入了型钢和陶粒混凝土界面黏结滑移本构关系,陶粒混凝土应力-应变关系采用包括上升段和下降段的分段式方程.有限元分析表明:试件中型钢正应力在同一横截面上是相同的,从加载端到自由端正应力变化梯度逐渐减小;等效约束系数小于0.01的试件发生劈裂破坏,大于等于0.01的发生推出破坏;有限元计算承载力和滑移与试验结果吻合较好,为型钢陶粒混凝土构件进行有限元分析提供参考.     

基于粘结的型钢轻骨料混凝土梁有限元分析

为研究粘结滑移对型钢轻骨料混凝土梁受力性能的影响,对型钢轻骨料混凝土梁进行了非线性有限元模拟,并且和试验结果进行了比较。基于型钢和混凝土界面存在的粘结力,引入局部粘结滑移本构关系,对型钢应力分布、裂缝形态、荷载一挠度曲线进行了分析。分析中考虑了剪跨比、型钢放置情况等影响因素。分析结果表明：型钢轻骨料混凝土梁受力性能和型钢普通混凝土梁相似,随剪跨比增大,逐渐由斜剪破坏过渡到弯曲破坏。荷载一挠度曲线可明显地划分为三个阶段。考虑粘结的有限元分析结果和试验结果吻合较好,未考虑粘结的有限元计算承载力和刚度均比试验值大。     

海水海砂再生混凝土与玻璃纤维增强塑料筋黏结性能

采用标准立方体中心拔出试验,测试了不同组分及不同强度混凝土与玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)带肋筋之间的黏结滑移性能.结果表明:再生粗骨料的使用降低了混凝土与GFRP筋之间的黏结强度,海水、海砂的使用对混凝土的黏结强度基本没有影响;不同组分混凝土与GFRP筋的黏结滑移曲线相似,无明显差别;与普通混凝土相似,海水海砂再生混凝土与GFRP筋的黏结强度随着混凝土的立方体抗压强度增加而增加.采用4种不同适用于GFRP筋的黏结滑移本构模型对试验数据进行了拟合,结果表明:4种模型均能较好地拟合本次试验曲线,其中,Malvar模型拟合程度最高.     

钢管轻集料混凝土组合界面黏结滑移性能

通过对27根钢管轻集料混凝土试件的推出试验,研究了钢管轻集料混凝土黏结滑移的发展过程及破坏机理,考察了影响钢管轻集料混凝土黏结强度的因素;并对其中的4个试件进行了反复推出试验,研究了循环荷载对黏结强度的影响.初次推出试验表明:养护方式和浇筑方式对钢管轻集料混凝土组合界面的黏结强度有一定的影响;钢管内壁越粗糙,黏结强度也越大;轻集料混凝土强度对黏结强度影响不大;在试件的参数范围内,黏结强度随长细比和径厚比增长而降低.反复推出试验的结果表明:初次推出的承载力最大;同一方向推出次数增加,钢管轻集料混凝土的黏结破坏荷载和黏结强度均会降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.