利用线粒体 DNA Cytb 基因 PCR-RFLP 分析方法鉴别青鱼和草鱼

建立了一种以线粒体细胞色素 b（Cyt b）基因为标靶,应用 PCR -RFLP 技术进行草鱼和青鱼种质鉴定的分析方法。设计一对引物 QYCYT -S 和 QYCTY -A 分别对青鱼和草鱼的 Cyt b 基因进行了 PCR 扩增,并选用 BglⅠ和 EcoRⅡ两种限制性内切酶对扩增产物进行酶切分析。结果表明,草鱼和青鱼都可以扩增出1111 bp 的条带,两种酶切检验发现,草鱼扩增产物能被 BglⅠ切成247 bp 和864 bp 两个片段,而青鱼的 PCR 产物能被 EcoRⅡ切成140 bp 和971 bp 两个片段,这表明,mtDNA Cyt b 基因 BglⅠ和EcoRⅡ的酶切位点都可作为鉴定青鱼和草鱼的有效分子标记。利用 PCR -RFLP 分析 mtDNA Cyt b 基因的方法操作简单,是一种快速鉴别草鱼和青鱼的可靠方法。     

三索线蛇与过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA的纯化与限制酶图谱

用Sepharose 4B凝胶柱过滤和NaCl离心法纯化了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝线粒体DNA(mtDNA),它们的分子长度分别为17.75kb及19.70kb。分别用EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ及BglⅡ等4种限制酶消化这两种mtDNA,结果表明:EcoRⅠ,XbaⅠ,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ在三索线蛇肝mtDNA上分别有1,1,2及3个切点;在过树容蛇肝mtDNA上各有4,1,1和2个切点。根据mtDNA的单酶、双酶和部份酶解片段的分析,建立了三索线蛇及过树容蛇肝mtDNA的限制酶图谱。     

珠鸡mtDNA的限制性图谱

应用AvaⅠ，BamHⅠ,BglⅠ,DraⅠ,EcoRⅠ,HpaⅠ,PvuⅡ,SacⅠ,SalⅠ,ScaⅠ和StuⅠ共11种限制酶对珠鸡（Acryllium vulturinum)mtDNA进行单酶切分析，结果表明，珠鸡mtDNA的分子量为16.7kb，另以其中除AvaⅠ和StuⅠ外的9种限制酶进行双酶切分析，构建了珠鸡mtDNA的限制性图谱，并与家鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus)比较，二者mtDNA序列歧异值为0.073。     

草鱼线粒体DNA酶切图谱的研究

用１０种限制性内切酶对草鱼肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了分析，其分子太小约１６．５８ｋｂ．ＰｓｔＩ，ＢａｍＨＩ，ＸｂａＩ，ＢｇｌＩ，ＨｉｎｄⅢ，ＢⅡ，ＰｖｕⅡ，ＸｈｏⅠ，ＥｃｏＲⅠ，ＳａｌⅠ在草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别具有２，３，３，４，７，３，６，２，４及０个切点。根据单酶解及双酶解结果建立了草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制性酶切图谱。     

丰鲤及其双亲线粒体DNA限制性酶切图谱的研究

采用密度梯度离心及RNase消化法制备并纯化了丰鲤(Fengcarp)、兴国红鲤(Xingguoredcarp)及散鳞镜鲤(Scatterscaledmirrorcarp)的肝脏线粒体DNA,用10种限制性内切酶HindIII、EcoRI、BamHI、XbaI、XhoI、PstI、BglII、SalI、BglI、PvuII进行了分析.丰鲤mtDNA相对分子质量约为9 88×106,大小约为16 49kb;兴国红鲤mtDNA相对分子质量约为9 89×106,大小约为16 50kb;散鳞镜鲤mtDNA相对分子质量约为9 87×106,大小为16 48kb.HindIII、EcoRI、BglI、BamHI、XbaI、XhoI、SalI、BglII、PstI及PvuII在丰鲤、兴国红鲤、散鳞镜鲤线粒体DNA分子上均分别有6、4、3、3、3、1、1、0、1和4个切点.根据单酶切及双酶切结果,构建了丰鲤、兴国红鲤、散鳞镜鲤mtDNA9种酶的限制性酶切图谱,结果表明丰鲤、兴国红鲤及散鳞镜鲤mtDNA间缺乏变异性.     

滑鼠蛇肝线粒体DNA的制备及性质测定

报导了用蛇肝脏制备线粒体DNA的简便方法。电镜分析结果表明,滑鼠蛇肝mt DNA为环状分子,周长5.23μm。限制性内切酶PstI,BamHI和EcoRI在滑鼠蛇肝mtDNA上分别有2、3和4个点切。根据各酶切片段的大小测得mt DNA的平均分子量为16.91kb或10.85×10~6 dalton。     

小灵猫华东亚种线粒体DNA限制性位点图

提纯了小灵猫华东亚种（ＶｉｖｅｒｒｉｃｕｌａｉｎｄｉｃａｐａｌｉｄａＧｒａｙ）的肝脏ｍｔＤＮＡ．用ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｐａⅠ、ＫｐｎⅠ、ＭｌｕⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｌⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等１１种识别６碱基对的限制性内切酶对小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ进行消化分析，１１种限制性内切酶均有１～５个位点；根据单酶消化和双酶消化片段的数目和分子量，构建了小灵猫华东亚种ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性位点图     

中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Heliothis armigera NPV)VHA273毒株DNA的酶切分析与比较研究

VHA273毒株原为MNPV型,经纯系中国棉铃虫扩增而得出约10％的SNPV.高度纯化两型多用体,温和碱解后,酚法抽提SNPVDNA和MNPVDNA.限制性内切酶BglⅡ,BamHI,EcoRI和HindⅢ分别平行酶切两种DNA,依次均得出11,8,14和13条电泳带．比较分析DNA的酶切电泳图谱发现,经同一种限制性内切酶酶切,SNPVDNA与MNPVDNA不仅电泳片段数相同,电泳带位也-一对应．讨论提出：该SNPVDNA与MNPVDNA在分子、亚分子水平上是一致的．     

pUB110 DNA分子的紧密型结构

经0.1%鸭血烯酸钠处理或经37℃溶菌酶作用的Bacillus subtilis BD366菌体,按碱法提取pUB110 DNA,可得到SC(超螺旋),OC(开环)和CT(Com-pact type,紧密型)结构的分子。SO和OC分子均可被EcoRⅠ,BamHⅠ和BglⅡ切成线状分子,但CT分子却不能。对pUB110DNA具有多切点的限制性内切酶Sau 3AⅠ对CT分子也不起作用。经86℃保温或沸水浴处理,CT分子能转变成SC和OC型,并可被Sau 3AⅠ酶切降解,推断CT结构可能是质粒的原始构型。     

绒螯蟹线粒体细胞色素b基因的RFLP分析

对中国大陆4个水系的8个地理种群绒螯蟹样本的线粒体细胞色素b基因片段进行了PCR扩增，并应用6种限制性内切酶对该PCR产物进行RFLP分析．在应用的6种内切酶中，HinfⅠ，RsaⅠ和EcoRⅤ酶切该PCR片段后，在某些地区绒螯蟹之间表现出限制性片段长度多态性，为多态性的内切酶，但在本研究中尚未发现种群特异的RFLP标记．应用3种多态性的限制性内切酶对8个地理种群的绒鳌蟹个体样本的线粒体细胞色素b基因片段进行RFLP分析，共检测到5种复合限制性酶切类型，即AAA型、BBB型、ABA型、BAB型、ACA型．依据群体间的净遗传距离绘制的UPGMA分子系统树显示，合浦绒螯蟹形成了独立的一支．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-