转溶菌酶基因籼稻在湖南地区的抗稻瘟病研究

以转溶菌酶基因粳稻中花9号[ZH9(R)]与几个湖南地区目前生产上有广泛应用价值但感病的籼型杂交稻亲本9311、MH63、288、E32和PA64s进行一次杂交和多次回交转育,从各转育世代中选育出优良的抗病株系,进而配制新的杂交稻组合,以期获得优良杂交稻亲本新品系。试验结果表明,各转育后代发病情况均明显轻于对应籼稻亲本;在这5个品种中,MH63要优于其它几个亲本,其转育后代抗性和农艺性状也相对优良,且已基本趋于稳定;田间筛选到的353份优良单株的DNA样中检测到269个阳性样,阳性检出率达76.20%,对应田间的抗性表现,吻合率达94.05%。     

利用广亲和品种提高“三系”杂交稻优势的探讨

对02428、cpslo17、培矮64在三系杂交稻中的利用进行分析,结果表明,亲和力高低依次为cpslo17、培矮64、02428。cpslo17、培矮64含有对籼粳不育系的恢复基因,02428含有对粳稻不育系的恢复基因。三者与BT型不育系的产量配合力都较好,杂种有明显的优势。单株产量主要受单株有效穗数和每穗粒数的影响。     

水稻广谱恢复系蓉恢906的选育及利用

蓉恢９０６是成都市第二农科所用明恢６３作母本，特青早作父本杂交选育而成的籼型优质恢复系。该恢系系株型好、穗大、配合力强、米质优，与不育系地谷Ａ配组育成的地谷Ａ＊蓉恢９０６于１９９５年通过四川省区试，与冈４６Ａ、Ⅱ－３２Ａ配组育成的冈优９０６、Ⅱ优９０６于１９９７年、１９９９年分别通过四川省品种审定委员会审定。     

利用冬春杂交选育恢复系

杂交小麦要想取得突破性的进展,关键是提高三系的农艺水平。恢复系的选育和改良是很重要的一环,我所利用冬春生态杂交选育出几个半矮秆中早熟的恢复系,配制的杂交种小区产量突破了千斤关。一、冬春杂交是选育恢复系的有效方法冬麦和春麦是两个生态类型不同、互不交换的独立基因库。利用冬春杂交,把春麦的优良基因和冬麦的优良基因结合到恢复系中去,使恢复系具有冬春两种优良基因,从     

分子标记辅助选育甘蓝型油菜抗草甘膦除草剂恢复系

田间杂草是影响油菜产量的一项重要因素。使用化学除草剂是目前最为主要的除草方法,但除草剂施用不当会造成油菜不同程度的药害,从而影响油菜的生长发育与产量,因此培育油菜抗除草剂的种质资源有着重要的意义。本研究以含有I. variabilis-EPSPS*抗性基因的油菜品系甲HX6作为供体,与特早熟、特晚熟甘蓝型油菜品系1704、3660进行杂交,通过90 mg/L的农达异丙胺盐制剂(41%)进行筛选及PCR检测,选择对草甘膦表现抗性和含有732 bp抗性基因的植株,再以1704和3660作为轮回亲本,通过前景、背景选择的方法快速获得含有抗性基因的春性特早熟与特晚熟甘蓝型油菜品系,为抗除草剂油菜品种的培育提供资源。     

优质稻“博优香”特征特性及其栽培技术

"博优香"系广西玉林地区博白县农科所用自选的香质恢复系与博A测配育成的高产、优质、抗性较好的迟熟晚籼型香稻杂交组合.集美区种子公司于1995年引进试验,当年4个试验点平均单产达7 925.70公斤/公顷,最高产量8 250公斤/公顷;博优香的种性稳定,纯度高,在集美、杏林两区多年的种植表现突出,深受农民欢迎,本地已推广种植4年,其占晚杂优组合的比重逐年上升,累计种植面积2013.33公顷.明年可望取代集美区生产上主推品种且种性日益退化的"特优63".     

广适型水稻强恢复系华恢272的选育与应用

华恢272是湖南亚华种业科学研究院用＂明恢63/Lemont＂F6作母本与先恢207作父本杂交选育而成的优质水稻恢复系。株叶形态好,茎杆较粗,耐肥抗倒力强,分蘖力中等,穗大粒多,颖尖无色,恢复力强,配合力好,品质优良,中感稻瘟病,抗高温能力强,耐寒性好。所配组合产量高,米质优,适应性广,T优272、丰源优272和中优272先后通过了省级和国家品种审定,应用前景广阔。     

转基因油菜雄性不育系15A及其恢复系菌核病抗性的鉴定与筛选

采用苗期接种法对湖南油料所构建及选育的转基因油菜雄性不育系15A、胞质三系不育系742A,常规油菜恢复系695、780的抗耐油菜菌核病进行鉴定,结果表明,4个品种均为抗性品种,其中15A为中抗,742A、695、780为低抗。四个品系的病情指数均比对照中油821低。各品系单株之间抗性存在明显差异。     

中国水稻农家品种马尾粘败育株细胞质雄性不育系（马…

１９８４年在中国水稻农家品种马尾粘中发现花粉败育型雄性不育株，用协青早选杂和连续回效选育成马协型雄性不育系，对马协不育系的特征特性，开花习性，花粉败育的细胞学特征，细胞质质量，线粒体ＤＮＡ和线粒体ＣＯＤ同工酶等进行比较研究，结果表明，马协雄性不育系是一种新的细胞质雄性不育系，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值，利用马协不育系与明恢６３配组马协６３杂交稻组合具有优质，高产，多抗特点，通过了湖北省和僵杂交稻     

小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性与艾氏剂环氧化活性

利用室内选育１１９代的抗杀虫双、抗杀螟丹小菜蛾品系和敏感品系,研究了各杂交世代小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹的敏感性．通过反复回交建立小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性的近等基因系．测定了各杂交世代和近等基因系的多功能氧化酶环氧化活性．结果表明,抗性品系和抗性近等基因系多功能氧化酶环氧化活性比敏感品系高,杀虫双、杀螟丹抗性品系和杀虫双、杀螟丹抗性近等基因系分别是敏感品系的１．６２、１．８３、１．５６和１．９７倍,因此,多功能氧化酶环氧化活性提高与小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性有关     

SSR标记对籼稻品种的遗传多样性分析

利用500多对SSR标记对广陆矮4号、珍汕97B、佳辐占、明恢86和明恢63 5个籼稻亲本品种进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,佳辐占与明恢63、明恢86、珍汕97B和广陆矮4号之间的相似系数分别为78.1%、76.1%、72.8%和71.7%.相对而言,其相似系数越小,遗传距离越大,因此利用佳辐占与这些品种组配较有希望选育出品质优良、综合优势明显的新品系.同时研究表明,标记间平均距离为10 cM或小于10 cM时,分析所得结果较为可靠.     

水稻光温敏雄性不育基因连锁标记的分离与鉴定

两系法杂交稻是一种利用水稻杂种优势的重要途径，主要依据水稻光温敏雄性不育系在不同条件下的育性转换用于配制杂交种．以培矮64S(PTGMS)与明恢63杂种自交的F2代为供试材料，采用随机放大多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分离与培矮64S的PTGMS基因连锁的分子标记．在F2代2个分别代表可育和不育的群体以及亲本株系中，采用100个RAPD引物扩放基因组DNA筛选多态性DNA片段．RAPD引物S8产生的DNA片段中，除重复顺序外，有一个长度为0．85kb片段为单拷贝．分子杂交表明，这一单拷贝标记与培矮64S的PTGMS基因连锁．     

Analysis of digenic epistatic effects and QE interaction effects QTL controlling grain weight in rice

Immortalized F(2) population of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was developed by randomly mating F(1) among recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from (Zhenshan 97B x Minghui 63), which allowed replications within and across environments. QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping analysis on kilo-grain weight of immortalized F(2) population was performed by using newly developed software for QTL mapping, QTLMapper 2.0. Eleven distinctly digenic epistatic loci included a total of 15 QTL were located on eight chromosomes. QTL main effects of additive, dominance, and additive x additive, additive x dominance, and dominance x dominance interactions were estimated. Interaction effects between QTL main effects and environments (QE) were predicted. Less than 40% of single effects, most of which were additive effects, for identified QTL were significant at 5% level. The directional difference for QTL main effects suggested that these QTL were distributed in parents in the repulsion phase. This should make it feasible to improve kilo-grain weight of both parents by selecting appropriate new recombinants. Only few of the QE interaction effects were significant. Application prospect for QTL mapping achievements in genetic breeding was discussed.     

水稻籼粳杂交F1植株育性与花粉育性的关系

以2个广亲和品种(轮回422，02428)分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳/籼、籼/粳、粳/粳配组，检测了杂种F1代的结实率及镜检亲本F1代的花粉活性.试验结果表明：除测49外，亲本花粉可育性均较高，杂种F1代的花粉育性因亲本不同而有所差异，以广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组所得的杂种F1代的花粉可育性最高；籼粳杂种F1代的花粉败育率与植株不结实率的相关系数达0.838 0.     

水稻籼粳杂交F1植株育性与花粉育性的关系

以广亲和品种轮回422、02428分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳／籼、籼／粳、粳／粳配组，检测杂种F1代的实率及镜检亲本F1代的花粉活性，试验结果表明：除测49外，亲本花粉可育性均较高，杂种F1代的花粉育性因亲本不同而有所差异，以广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组所得的杂种F1代的花粉可育性为最高；籼粳杂种F1代的花粉败育率与植株不结实率的相关系数（r）达0.8380。     

Study on heterosis of intersubspecies between indica and japonica rice （Oryza sativa L.） using chromosome segment substitution lines

Great heterosis exists in the inter-subspecific crossesbetween indica and japonica rice cultivars[1,2] and the ex-ploitation of this heterosis has long been considered as apromising method to further increase rice yield potential[3].Previous studies indicated that there were large differencesbetween the two subspecies with respect to morphology,isozyme, polymorphism of molecular markers and DNAstructure due to long time genetic differentiation[4,5]. Thosedifferences were identified to be clos…     

水稻籼粳杂交F_1植株育性与花粉育性的关系

以2个广亲和品种(轮回422,02428)分别与籼、粳稻配组及粳/籼、籼/粳、粳/粳配组,检测了杂种F1代的结实率及镜检亲本F1代的花粉活性.试验结果表明:除测49外,亲本花粉可育性均较高,杂种F1代的花粉育性因亲本不同而有所差异,以广亲和品种与籼、粳稻配组所得的杂种F1代的花粉可育性最高;籼粳杂种F1代的花粉败育率与植株不结实率的相关系数达0.8380.     

New technology to examine and improve the purity of hybrid rice with herbicide resistant gene

The herbicide resistant bar gene has been widely used as selectable marker genes in the study on plant genetic transformation. Owing to the integration of the gene into rice genome, transgenic rice was resistant to the herbicide Basta. Therefore, selection of transgenic plant md genetic analysis became easier. In the studies, bar gene was introduced as a genetic marker gene into ria restore lie variety of two-line or three-line. Combined with conventional breeding method, the good herbicide resistant individual plant was derived as the new restorc line for hybrid combination. After sprayed with Basta at seeding phasc. the real hybrid rice that hnd herbicide resistance could grow normally, while the fnke hybrid rice and weeds, having no bar gene, were killed by herbicide. The method described above helped rapidly to examine and improve the purity of hybrid rice.