Large-eddy simulation of the compressible flow past a tabbed cylinder

The compressible flow past a tabbed cylinder has been studied numerically using large-eddy simulation for a free-stream Mach number M∞=0.75 and a Reynolds number based on the diameter Re=2×105. Because of the passive control of the flow past a tabbed cylinder, the mean drag coefficient of tabbed cylinder is less than that of a corresponding circular cylinder with a drag reduction up to 33%. The fluctuating lift coefficient is greatly suppressed to be nearly zero. Drag reduction due to the shearing process prevails over that due to the compressing process in this flow. Through investigating the mechanisms relevant to passive control of the tab, it is found that suppression of the shear layer instability can lead to a higher-base-pressure distribution, which can reasonably be associated with drag reduction and suppression of the lift fluctuations. The analysis of convective Mach number and self-sustained oscillations phenomenon inside the shear layers indicates that both the compressible effect and high-frequency forcing result in suppression of the shear layer instability of tabbed cylinder.     

尾部喷射对流向振荡柱体尾流旋涡脱落的抑制

强迫振荡柱体绕流旋涡脱落的抑制具有重要工程意义,但比静止柱体尾流的抑制更加困难,乍前这方面的研究很少．本文采用尾部喷射方法对流向振荡圆柱尾流旋涡脱落进行抑制实验,雷诺娄Re=V∞D／慌围为2700-9800,柱体振荡幅值A／D=O．2,柱体振荡频率范围feD／V∞=0-0．36,其中亿为来沥速度,D为柱体直径．沿圆柱母线开一个与圆柱等长、宽度为h／D=O．015的缝隙,用于喷射空气．喷射麦度比W％范围为0-18,相应的流量比hVb／DV∞范围为0-0．27．风洞中的烟线显示和热线测量结果表明当喷射速度比Vb／比（或hVblDV∞）介于其下临界值和上临界值之间时,振荡柱体两侧的尾流旋涡脱落被辛效抑制．发现在非锁频和锁频两种状态下均能抑制旋涡脱落．在振频fe／V∞和喷射速度比W亿（曼hVb／DV∞）组成的平面坐标系内找出了有效抑制旋涡脱落的区域,研究了有效区域随雷诺数的变化和喷身角对抑制效果的影响,并探讨了旋涡脱落抑制机理．     

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟方柱绕流

用Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟了两种情况下的方柱绕流：方柱位于流场的边壁和方柱位于流场的中央。在第1情况中，分析了流场的流线、速度矢量分布以及方柱后面绕流形成的回流区长度随Reynolds数的变化曲线；在第2种情况中，除了给出稳定时流场的流线、速度矢量分布和压力分布以外，还模拟了Re＝150时方柱后面形成的周期旋涡现象。两种情况下的计算结果与其他文献中的计算数值和试验数据是一致的。     

错列双圆柱下游圆柱的升力机理

采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,在雷诺数Re=1.4×10~5时,研究了间距P/D=4(P为圆心间距,D为圆柱直径)、风向角0°～90°的错列双圆柱的气动力特性和干扰流态,从流场角度分析了下游圆柱受到平均升力和脉动升力作用的流场机理.结果表明:随着风向角的增大,两个圆柱的干扰流态依次为旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态、剪切层干扰流态、尾流干扰流态;在旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态下,上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱发生强烈的撞击,导致下游圆柱的脉动升力远大于单圆柱;在剪切层干扰流态下,下游圆柱受到显著的平均升力作用,下游圆柱风压停滞点的偏移以及上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱间隙侧剪切层(或旋涡)的相互作用,是下游圆柱受到平均升力作用的两个原因.     

旋转圆柱层流绕流出现二次不稳定现象的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,计算了旋转圆柱在层流状态下流场随雷诺数和转速的变化.针对旋转圆柱在均匀流中引起的涡脱落以及二次不稳定现象,进行了分析.选取雷诺数为Re=60,80,100,130,160,240时,将圆柱的转速一直增大,直到流场第二次达到稳定状态.比较了圆柱的旋转在流场达到第一次及第二次不稳定状态时对其表面的气动力、涡量以及周围流场影响的不同.计算结果表明,低转速下,流场出现初次不稳定状态时,雷诺数为Re=60,80,100,130,160,240,所对应的临界转速比分别为α=1.40,1.70,1.80,1.85,1.90,1.95;随着转速的升高,流场再次出现不稳定状态,所对应的转速比区间分别为5.1< α < 5.6,4.9< α < 5.4,4.6< α < 5.2,4.4< α < 5.0,4.3< α < 4.9,4.2< α < 4.7.      

Recent Developments in Cooling Using Blowing

IntroductionThe increase of the efficiency for engines such asgas turbine or rocket engines requires an importantrise in the combustion gas temperature.Thesurfaces,which are in contact with these gases,are submitted to high thermal constraints,in manycases not admissible by the materials. Petot[1]described the evolution of the engines according tothe inlettemperature of the gas turbine.In the gasturbine,the gas temperature can reach 1 5 0 0 Kwhich is higher than the admissible temperature ofm…     

方柱绕流粒子图像测速试验与数值模拟

采用粒子图像测速设备PIV (particle image velocimetry),进行了雷诺数为2.2×104的方柱绕流试验,与公认的采用LDV (laser doppler velocimetry)的试验结果吻合较好,验证了本风洞中PIV试验系统的有效性.在进一步的比选中,通过计算方柱的阻力系数和斯特劳哈尔数以及流场的速度剖面和湍动能剖面,比较了几种常用湍流时均模型的计算结果与试验结果的差别.结果表明,采用基于剪应力传输的湍动能-耗散率模型(k-ω SST),能够得到与试验吻合较好的计算结果.     

壁面加热对微圆柱漩涡脱落的影响

建立二维数学模型,对比研究了低雷诺数下（0~100）壁面加热对直径分别为2 cm、20 μm及2 μm的微圆柱漩涡脱落的影响规律。深入探讨了直径、壁面与流体温差对圆柱绕流中漩涡生长和脱落规律、尾流区速度、温度场及涡街参数分布等的影响规律及其原因,并基于计算结果拟合出了低雷诺数下斯特劳哈尔数（Sr)与雷诺数（Re)的定量关系式。研究发现当圆柱直径降至2 μm时,与常规尺度圆柱相比微圆柱尾流区涡街的出现明显提前;而壁面加热减小了三者的差距,使三种不同直径圆柱背风区涡街出现的最低Re均降至40以下。微圆柱涡街的漩涡列距和间距之比h/l的值随着温差的增加而逐渐增大;相同温差下不同直径圆柱尾流区涡街h/l均随Re增加而减小,在相同Re下h/l值随圆柱直径的减小而明显增大。存在壁面加热时微圆柱绕流的Sr要高于无加热工况,两者之差最高可达20%左右。     

圆柱绕流水动力学特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对低雷诺数(Re)(Re≤300)下圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟。采用分区结构化网格及层流模型求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,在未施加任何扰动的条件下获得了圆柱绕流2种特殊的绕流场,系统分析了壁面压力系数、平均阻力系数、脉动阻力、升力系数及旋涡脱落频率等水动力学特性参数随Re数变化的规律,结果与实验研究吻合较好。     

低雷诺数翼型分离流动的大涡模拟研究

采用高精度大涡模拟算法,对低雷诺数下的孤立翼型分离流动问题进行研究,计算了雷诺数为55000、马赫数0.2、来流5°攻角下的NACA-0025翼型,生成数值数据库,从时均流场、瞬态流场、频谱和高阶统计量等多个角度进行分析.研究结果表明:大涡模拟方法能够很好的描述低雷诺数翼型分离流动,其瞬态流场图画与实验结果吻合的很好;翼型上表面出现大尺度的开放式分离区,在Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H)不稳定性作用下,自由剪切层失稳卷起展向涡,展向涡二次失稳发生旋涡配对现象;分离区流场的演化受大尺度涡结构控制,流场中高阶统计量的分布也与涡结构密切相关.     

Analysis of the dominant frequency in a subsonic compressor stator at near stall condition

IDDES method was applied to investigate the highly unsteady flow in a subsonic compressor stator with very large hub clearance and high incidence angle. The blade loading variation frequency was found close to the rotating instability （RI） frequency fRI ＇~ 333 Hz observed in the experiment. Detailed analysis of the flow physics shows that the loading variation is caused by the periodic swing of the large scale separated flow on the blade suction side surface. The breakdown of the leakage vortex has no significant dominant frequencies, thus cannot be the cause of RI in this compressor stator as normally believed. Fur- thermore, the vortex shedding and vortex breakdown due to shear layer instability at the outer edge of the blade suction surface separation region excite high frequency unsteadi- ness that can form the sources of noise.     

脉动流条件下圆柱绕流特性研究

该文数值研究了脉动流条件下圆柱绕流场特性,对涡量分布、升阻力系数、升力系数频谱特性等进行了分析。结果表明,脉动流作用会使圆柱尾涡剪切层变薄,提高脉动频率使尾涡长度变短、脱离加快,提高无量纲脉动振幅使主导涡的脱落速度降低,使旋涡生成区域更靠近圆柱表面;脉动频率与无量纲脉动振幅的增大使升、阻力系数的振幅均增大,而且与升力系数相比,阻力系数的振幅更大,变化更快;升力系数频谱图存在多个主频,包括旋涡脱落频率和相位叠加频率,其中旋涡脱落频率的振幅随着脉动频率的增加而减小,随着无量纲脉动振幅的增加而增加。     

窄条控制件对流向振荡柱体尾流旋涡脱落的抑制

在流向振荡圆柱体尾流中施加一个静止的窄条控制件,对尾流涡脱落及作用于柱体的平均和脉动力进行抑制.未加控制情况下,存在非锁频和3种锁频状态的涡脱落模式.流动显示及尾流脉动速度谱和脉动升力谱的分析表明,当控制件位于有效控制区域时,可抑制非锁频和2种锁频状态下的旋涡脱落,并且使脉动升力和平均阻力有明显减少.本文研究了柱体的振频、雷诺数,窄条宽度及阻塞度对有效区的影响并探讨了控制机理.     

圆柱绕流的三维数值模拟

利用计算流体力学软件CFX－4,对粘性不可压缩流体的圆柱绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用有限体积法和SIMPLE计算程式,利用不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,模拟雷诺数在亚临界区内的绕流流动,并计算了流体的水动力特性。为克服数值模拟高雷诺数时的数值不稳定性,计算中采用了QUICK迎风格式,其对流项为三阶精度,其余项如扩散项等为二阶精度,圆柱两端边界采用周期性边界条件。计算结果表明,高雷诺数时圆柱周围的流动具有明显的三维特性,且沿柱长方向不同断面的升力和阻力系数并不相同。同时,对圆柱绕流进行了二维数值模拟,并与三维数值结果进行比较,发现三维模拟的升力和阻力系数均小于二维模拟。     

Effect of Mach number on transonic flow past a circular cylinder

The effect of Mach number on transonic flow past a circular cylinder is investigated numerically for the free-stream Mach number M∞ from 0.85 to 0.98 and the Reynolds number 2×10^5 based on the diameter of the cylinder. The work provides an insight into several salient features, including unsteady and quasi-steady flow state, formation of local supersonic zone, and evolution of turbulent shear layer. Results show that there exist two flow states dependent of a critical Mach number Mcr around 0.9. One is an unsteady flow state characterized by moving shock waves interacting with the turbulent flow in the near region of the cylinder for M∞〈Mcr, and the other is a quasi-steady flow state with nearly stationary shock waves formed in the near wake for M∞〉Mcrs, suppressing vortex shedding from the cylin- der. Some flow behaviors in the unsteady and quasi-steady flow states are revealed. From time evolu- tion of flow structures, local supersonic zones are identified in the wake and generated by two typical processes, i.e. reverse flow behind the cylinder and shed vortices in the near wake. The convective Mach number Mc of turbulent shear layers shed from the cylinder is identified nearly as Mc〈I in the unsteady flow regime and Mc〉I in the quasi-steady flow regime, resulting in different evolutions of the shear layers.     

高雷诺数条件下二维方柱涡激振动的数值模拟

利用作者编制的基于松耦合方法的求解气动弹性问题的数值模拟程序,计算了二维方柱在高雷诺数条件下,的横向涡激振动.结果表明:随着折减风速的增加,在特定折减风速条件下,方柱的涡激振动出现锁定现象;由于方柱的自然振动频率和涡激振动系统的旋涡脱落频率的相互作用,涡激振动出现拍的现象;随着折减风速的增加,涡激振动系统的旋涡脱落模式从异相2S (2-single)变化到同相2S,即相位转换现象.该文还将计算结果和文献中的计算结果进行了比较和评价.     

剪切来流作用下圆柱体结构物的双自由度流致振动

基于四步半隐式特征线分裂算子稳定化流体有限元方法,对二维线性剪切来流作用下弹性支撑圆柱体结构物双自由度流致振动问题进行了数值计算,着重研究雷诺数Re=150时,不同参数(频率比、剪切率与折减速度)对圆柱体结构物振动响应及其流场的影响.计算分析表明,随剪切率的增加,圆柱体结构物2个方向的频率锁定区间扩大,结构发生共振现象的范围亦增大;折减速度对圆柱钝体最大振动幅度的影响较大,在锁定区间内,圆柱振动位移较大,否则较小;在高频率比工况下圆柱运动轨迹呈‘8’字形;当频率较低时,圆柱运动轨迹随剪切率的增大由‘8’字形渐变为‘雨滴’形;在剪切来流作用下圆柱尾流模态为双单涡(2S)与涡对(P)+单涡(S)两种泄涡模式.     

空气喷射对旋转圆筒表面传质特性的影响

通过对旋转雷诺数R，喷射雷诺数Rej，喷嘴宽度和圆筒直径比B／d，喷射距离与喷嘴宽度之比L／B等影响旋转圆筒表面传质特性参数的实验研究，发现：在空气喷射作用下，由旋转产生的第一临界点消失，只存在第二临界点；平均舍伍德数Sh与Rej，B／d和L／B之间的关联式为Sh=0．515Re^2/3（B／d）^0.3（L／B）^0.1；空气喷射对圆筒表面传质的强化作用大于旋转的作用．     

静止方柱和圆柱绕流的二维数值分析

运用流体计算软件CFX模拟了静止方柱和圆柱在不同雷诺数条件下（层流区、亚临界区、超临界区）的绕流问题.采用层流和SST湍流模型,基于二维纳维斯-斯托克斯方程（N-S方程）,计算得到了相应的绕流参数：斯托罗哈数St和阻力系数Cd.将绕流参数与现有文献的绕流结果进行比较,验证了该数值模拟方法的正确性.分析了雷诺数Re对绕流参数的影响,获得了方柱和圆柱的St、Cd随Re的变化规律.通过对比方柱和圆柱的绕流参数,发现较大雷诺数时方柱的斯托罗哈数远低于圆柱的斯托罗哈数,但同时其阻力系数却高于圆柱的阻力系数,而在圆柱绕流中明显存在的阻力危机现象在方柱绕流中并不明显.     

Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Reynolds Number on Probe Measurements

Multi-holepneumaticprobesarecommonlyusedinturbomachinerymeasurementsbecausetheyaresimple,cheap,anddurable,especiallysincetheycansimultaneouslymeasurevelocityandpressure.TheprobemeasurementsarebasedonflowsimilaritywithReasoneofthebasicsimilaritycriteria.However,theinfluenceofReonprobemeasurementsisnotconsideredinprobecalibrationsbecauseofthedifficultiesinherentinRebasedcalibration.MostofthelimitedexperimentalinvestigationsonthisproblemfocusedondeterminingRerangeinwhichtheinfluencecanbeneglect…