逆流荷电双区ESP改善高比电阻粉尘除尘效果

为了改善ESP对含高比电阻粉尘烟气的除尘效果,对比测定了常规单、双区及逆流荷电双区三种静电除尘器模型在净化分别含有正常或高比电阻粉尘气体时的U-I特性和除尘效率.常规单、双区ESP在净化含高比电阻粉尘气体的过程中,当极间电压升高至50 kV时,收尘电场发生反电晕,且除尘效率开始下降;而逆流荷电双区ESP净化含高比电阻粉尘气体与净化含有正常比电阻粉尘的U-I特性曲线并无明显差异,两种粉尘的净化效率与极间电压之间的关系曲线也呈相同的变化态势.研究结果证实,对于净化含有高比电阻粉尘烟气,新型ESP可以避免发生反电晕,有效改善除尘效果.     

孔板对微细粉尘收集效率研究

为了解决静电除尘器对微细粉尘收集效率低的问题,设计了孔板作为收尘板.通过测量并比较不同电压下传统板和孔板电晕放电条件下的伏安特性,分析传统板和孔板中粉尘的运动状态,对比了2种收尘极对微细粉尘的收尘效果以及新型除尘器和传统除尘器对微细粉尘的除尘效率.结果表明:同一电压下,2种放电结构产生的放电电流差距较小;随着电压的增加,孔板对微细粉尘收集效果优于打孔板且进入孔板内为小粒径粉尘,线-孔板结构的除尘器对微细粉尘的收集效率较高.     

立式方筒静电脱雾除尘器对微细粉尘除尘性能实验

为了验证立式方筒静电脱雾除尘器对微细粉尘的净化效果,按照工程实际应用要求的规格尺寸,组建了一套单筒脱雾除尘器试验测试系统.在实验系统上分别测试了电场风速、极间电压、电场长度、粉尘质量浓度等因素对模拟烟气中微细粉尘的除尘效果的影响.测试结果表明,在电场风速为2.6 m·s-1,极间电压60 k V,电场长度6 m条件下,立式方筒静电脱雾除尘器对烟气中质量浓度低至50 mg·m-3的粉尘表现出96.66%的除尘效率;并且,对粒径≤2μm的粉尘颗粒仍然具有93%的除尘效率.     

静电除尘器效率影响因素分析

静电除尘器目前得到了广泛的应用,因此,静电除尘器的工作效率成为了人们比较关心的问题,通过分析,影响静电除尘器的除尘效率的因素有：结构因素、烟气性质、粉尘比电阻、运行操作因素的影响。本文着重对影响静电除尘器效率的因素做了分析。     

烟气温湿度对电除尘脱除细颗粒的影响

采用搭建的350 m~3/h燃煤热态实验平台,测量电除尘出口不同粒径细颗物脱除效率,考察喷雾降温对电除尘放电特性、烟气酸露点、粉尘比电阻及除尘效率的影响.结果表明:当烟气温度由130℃降低到90℃,相对湿度由6%提高到12%时,电除尘击穿电压升高,粉尘比电阻降低;同时烟气酸露点温度随着相对湿度增加而提高;电除尘质量脱除效率变化不明显,但在0.1~1.0μm区间的颗粒数量脱除效率可提高10%;根据低低温电除尘运行经验可知,喷水降温到烟气酸露点以下,合理控制烟气灰硫比可避免产生烟道腐蚀.     

生物质烟气除尘技术实验研究

生物质能是重要的零碳可再生能源,烟气除尘技术是影响其发展的重要因素。基于耦合电袋除尘器实验平台,研究了不同电压下耦合电袋除尘器在生物质飞灰脱除领域中除尘性能、运行性能和能耗变化,对比了最佳实验电压下不同结构除尘器的性能和滤料类型对耦合电袋除尘器性能的影响。结果表明：施加电压增大,耦合电袋除尘器对大粒径生物质飞灰脱除效率明显提高,出口总尘浓度降低,最终压降降低,由-10 kV对应的920 Pa降至-20 kV时的317 Pa,减小了65.54%;起晕电流增大,总能耗先减后增,综合性能提升。最佳实验电压下,耦合电袋除尘器综合性能较前电后袋式除尘器优越,但能耗较高;电袋除尘器性能优于布袋除尘器。相较燃煤飞灰,耦合电袋除尘器对生物质飞灰脱除效率较高,出口浓度较低,能耗较高,综合性能较低。     

雾化电晕放电除尘原理及其特性研究

出了一种新型静电除尘器结构和原理，采用新的电极结构，通过雾化电晕放电和水的循环利用，实现长期、高效并且无污水排放的静电除尘，解决了烟气污染源中黏性的微米及亚微米颗粒对传统除尘器所带来的种种弊端；对雾化电晕放电静电除尘的构造、放电特点、雾化电晕放电伏-安特性、雾化状态、温度的影响和电极清洗效果均进行了实验研究，为采用雾化电晕放电净化黏性粉尘的烟气提供了理论依据和必要的实验基础．     

脉冲电晕放电多种污染物协同脱除的研究

脉冲电晕放电电凝并结合直流收尘不仅能够有效提高对亚微米颗粒的捕集效率,而且对烟气中其他污染物也有脱除效果.通过小型试验平台的大量实验,研究了脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、停留时间和初始粉尘浓度对燃煤飞灰中亚微米颗粒脱除效率的影响;脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、烟气速度和水蒸气体积分数对SO2,NO,HgO的氧化效率的影响.结果表明:PM1,SO2,NO和HgO的协同脱除效率可以分别达到90%,97%,50%和50%以上.通过小型试验台的成功经验,进而设计并建立了中试试验平台.     

用电除尘器收集低比电阻粉尘的研究

为了解决用电除尘器收集低比电阻粉尘的问题,提出用导电涂料涂敷ESP极板,使极板表面形成具有一定比电阻的涂层.讨论了普通极板和涂层极板的放电特性,分析表明,只要涂层比电阻在105Ω.cm<ρc<109Ω.cm范围内,即可用以收集低比电阻粉尘.推导出了涂层比电阻计算公式,可精确计算导电粉体在涂料中的掺入比例.利用电除尘器模型对极板有、无涂层时的收尘性能进行了实验对比,结果表明,用电除尘器收集低比电阻粉尘时,极板有涂层时的收尘效率显著高于极板无涂层时的收尘效率.     

百叶窗对静电除尘器二次扬尘的抑制效应

提出了一种旨在削弱或消除静电除尘器(Electrostatic precipitator,简称ESP)振打形成的二次扬尘现象,借以提高ESP的粉尘捕集效率。建立了静电除尘器电晕电场,流场,颗粒荷电及运动场的二维数值模型,借助有限元软件Comsolmultiphysics进行模拟计算,模拟结果与已公开的电晕电场和除尘效率的实验结果吻合较好。通过添加百叶窗结构在阳极板前形成有效的静止空间,保证在振打清灰时颗粒不与主气流混合,降低二次扬尘。分析了3种不同结构的百叶窗结构,并对百叶窗布置形成进行优化。结果表明：添加百叶窗结构能够降低收尘极板附近气流流速在0.1m/s以下;耦合电场、流场、颗粒荷电运动场可以得出,添加百叶窗后,颗粒被捕集时的速度小于0.2m/s,能够有效的控制二次扬尘,提高除尘器的除尘效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to