多尺度熵睡眠呼吸暂停程度的分析

当前就睡眠呼吸暂停症状的研究对心血管疾病的预测有重要的临床意义。选用Apnea-ECG database里的37个研究对象,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)分为四类:正常群体(AHI5)、轻度睡眠呼吸暂停(5≤AHI15)、中度睡眠呼吸暂停(15≤AHI30)、重度睡眠呼吸暂停(AHI≥30)。选取样本整个数据中间时刻1 h心电信号(ECG)数据,以保证数据是处于研究对象深度睡眠下测得的。利用Costa等提出的多尺度熵(multiscale entropy,MSE)算法应用于ECG的RR间隔,来分析四类睡眠呼吸暂停的不同程度。根据多尺度熵指数(multiscale entropy index,MEI)定义MEI1~3和MEI13~15。研究结果表明MEI1~3和MEI13~15能够很好地区分正常睡眠群体、轻度睡眠呼吸暂停患者、中度和重度呼吸暂停患者;并且MEI1~3和AHI二者具有良好的负相关性(R2=0.279,P0.05)。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者软腭射频消融治疗临床研究

应用低温射频技术对47例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者局麻下行悬雍垂、软腭消融术治疗,分别于术前和术后行多导睡眠图等检查,比较软腭长度、悬雍垂长度、鼾声评级及嗜睡程度评分,观察术中、后的主要反应.结果,47例患者顺利接受全程治疗.随访1个月,临床症状好转,嗜睡评分、鼾声指数明显降低(P<0.05),软腭及悬雍垂缩短(P<0.05).多导睡眠图检查示:1期睡眠减少、快眼动睡眠增加,醒觉次数减少,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)由每小时(34.6±9.9)次减少至每小时(15.4±6.9)次(P<0.05),最低血氧饱和度(SpO2)由(70.6%±9.0%)升高到(80.6%±12.1%)(P<0.05).研究表明低温射频消融术是一项最新的微创、安全的治疗方法,能够有效治疗轻、中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征.     

口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征临床应用

目的 探讨口腔矫治器治疗34例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者的临床疗效.方法 制作"下颌前移型"矫治器让OSAS患者在睡眠时配戴,对其治疗前后用多导睡眠图监测呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、平均呼吸暂停时间(MAT)、低通气指数(HI)、呼吸暂停指数(AI)及血氧饱和度(SaO2),用t检验进行统计学比较.结果 使用口腔矫治器前后患者的AHI,MAT,HI,AI,SaO2比较,差别有显著性意义(P<0.05).结论 口腔矫治器能使上气道增宽,使下颌稳定于一个前伸位置,舌和软腭前移,增加睡眠时的有效气量,改善睡眠质量,是治疗OSAS的一个有效辅助方法.     

高血压伴OSAHS患者血AT1受体自身抗体水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数的关系

目的探讨高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者抗血管紧张素1受体(AT1)自身抗体水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)的关系.方法选取200例高血压伴OSAHS患者为研究对象,纳入研究组,以同期确诊的单纯OSAHS患者100例为对照组,对比两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、AHI等基线资料,比较轻、中、重度OSAHS患者SBP,DBP水平,分析高血压伴OSAHS患者SBP,DBP与AHI的相关性,同时对比两组血浆AT1自身抗体、内皮素(ET-1)、内源性一氧化氮(NO)水平,分析AT1自身抗体与SBP,DBP,AHI,ET-1,NO的相关性.结果研究组体质量指数、颈围、腰围、SBP、DBP、AHI均较单纯SAHS组高(P0.05);随病病情程度加重,研究组SBP,DBP均显著增加,且研究组SBP,DBP显著高于对照组(P0.05);高血压伴OSAHS患者SBP,DBP与AHI呈正相关(P0.05);研究组AT1自身抗体、ET-1较对照组高,研究组NO水平与对照组比较明显低(P0.05);相关分析显示:AT1自身抗体水平与SBP,DBP,AHI,ET-1呈正相关,而与NO水平呈负相关(P0.05).结论高血压伴OSAHS患者血AT1受体的肾素-血管紧张素系统可能参与了OSAHS合并高血压的病变过程.     

经鼻持续正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症

目的 探讨经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)在治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(0SAS)的价值。方法 对66例中重度0SAS患者应用nCPAP治疗前后各项指标的对比。结果发现治疗后患者最长和平均呼吸暂停时间、最低血氧饱和度(SaO2％)及呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)均有明显改善(P&lt;0．05-0．001)。结论 nCPAP作为内科治疗中重度0SAS是一种有效、安全的首选方法。     

基于鼾声的声学特征估计睡眠呼吸暂停指数

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, SAHS)是一种睡眠呼吸疾病.提出用鼾声的声学特征对SAHS严重程度进行筛查的方法.提取鼾声的美频率倒谱系数(Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, MFCC),利用高斯混合模型对鼾声进行建模和分类,并估计了打鼾者的呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index, AHI).对120人的实验结果表明,与多导睡眠仪(polysomnography, PSG)诊断的AHI值相比,本方法对严重程度诊断的正确率达80.00%,与PSG诊断的一致性达到83.30%,相关系数为0.956 3 (P 0.001).说明MFCC是筛查SAHS较为有效的声学特征.研究结果对医疗辅助诊断和居家医疗的发展有着积极的促进作用.     

CAUP术联合舌根消融治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的: 探讨等离子体改良微创悬雍垂腭咽成形术(CAUP)加舌根消融术在重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)治疗中的疗效.方法:42例重度OSAHS患者分为两组,对照组20例行CAUP手术,实验组22例行CAUP术加舌根消融术,比较两种手术的疗效.结果:两组患者术后睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).软腭长度缩短、腭舌弓间距增宽,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而舌后区气道前后径对照组无明显变化,实验组明显增宽,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.814, P＜0.01).术后6个月及12个月两组疗效同期分别比较,显效率差异具有非常显著性(均P＜0.01),总有效率差异具有显著性(均P＜0.05).结论:低温等离子手术保留了咽部组织生理结构和功能,具有微创、安全等优点,远期疗效确切,重度OSAHS患者应立体解除上气道多平面阻塞.     

低温等离子辅助上呼吸道成形术治疗OSAHS的疗效研究

目的：探讨低温等离子辅助上呼吸道成形术（CAUP）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的临床应用价值。方法：选择2007年1月-2008年1月间接受低温等离子辅助上呼吸道成形术（CAUP）治疗的42例OSAHS患者（轻度17例,中度10例,重度15例）,术后1年复查PSG,并与术前比较,依据PSG结果中AHI和最低SaO2评价总有效率,观察手术疗效。结果：42例患者术后呼吸暂停低通气指数显著减少,术前AHI均数为40．8＋87,术后一年为163±66,（p〈0．01）：最低血氧饱和度显著提高,术前最低Sa02均数为60．6±7．0,术后一年为83．5±9．0（p〈0．01）。42例患者中,治愈16例,显效11例,有效7例,无效8例,总有效率为810％。结论：低温等离子辅助上呼吸道成形术（CAUP）治疗OSAHS操作简便,对局部组织的消融效果确切、疗效满意,并发症少．可对患者不同阻塞部位同时进行治疗干预,还可作为其他治疗的补充手段,是一种有效且值得推广的手术方式．     

适度放牧对内蒙古典型草原碳循环的影响

土壤呼吸是草地生态系统碳循环当中最为重要的环节之一,放牧为草地利用最主要的方式,但是放牧利用影响土壤呼吸的方式仍不确定.本研究于2012年和2013年植物生长季,在内蒙古锡林浩特大针茅+羊草典型草原自然放牧区域进行土壤呼吸的监测,旨在探究群落土壤呼吸对放牧利用的响应.结果表明:1)放牧利用显著降低群落多年生草本地上生物量,中度利用显著高于重度利用群落(P0.05);2)重度利用群落土壤呼吸速率显著高于中度利用群落(P0.05),年际间相同利用类型的波动较大,而且存在显著差异性(P0.05);3)年内和年际间,土壤呼吸与土壤各温度指标表现为极显著正相关关系(P0.01),仅2012年与地下20cm含水率存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01);4)放牧利用对群落土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q_(10))影响不大,在年内尺度和年际间尺度上重度和中度利用群落的Q_(10)均没有显著差异性(P0.05),其值的变化范围为1.96~2.50.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者手术前后内皮素和一氧化氮检测

目的:探讨内皮素（ET）和一氧化氮（NO）在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压发病中的作用。方法:对53例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压和48例OSAHS血压正常者手术治疗,手术前后测量血压、多导睡眠图仪、血浆ET和血清NO,同时取19例健康人作对照。结果:（1）OSAHS患者的收缩压和舒张压均与最低血氧饱和度（SaO₂）和一氧化氮（NO）呈负相关,与呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）和ET呈正相关（P<0.05）。（2）OSAHS高血压组和OSAHS血压正常组的AHI、ET均高于健康对照组,最低SaO₂、NO均低于健康对照组（P<0.01）。OSAHS高血压组的AHI、ET高于血压正常组,最低SaO₂、NO低于血压正常组（P<0.01）。（3）OSAHS高血压组手术后与手术前比较,收缩压、舒张压、AHI、ET均降低,最低SaO₂和NO升高（P<0.01）。OSAHS血压正常组手术后与手术前比较,AHI、ET均降低,最低SaO₂和NO升高（P<0.01）。结论:ET和NO在OSAHS患者并发高血压的过程中发挥一定作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that