Universal Distributed Estimation Scheme for a Bandwidth Constrained Ad Hoc Sensor Network

This paper describes a distributed estimation scheme (DES) for a bandwidth constrained ad hoc sensor network.The DES is universal in the sense that operations on all sensors are identical and independent of noise distribution.The scheme requires each sensor to transmit just a 1-bit message per observation.Simulation results show that the scheme achieves much better mean-squares error (MSE) performance than the simplified isotropic universal DES and even outperforms the isotropic universal DES which requires more than twice the bandwidth of this scheme.     

基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

Distributed Plume Source Localization Using Hierarchical Sensor Networks

A hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSN) was proposed to estimate the plume source location. Such WSN can be of tremendous help to emergency personnel trying to protect people from terrorist attacks or responding to an accident. The entire surveillant field is divided into several small sub-regions. In each sub-region, the localization algorithm based on the improved particle filter (IPF) was performed to estimate the location. Some improved methods such as weighted centroid, residual resampling were introduced to the IPF algorithm to increase the localization performance. This distributed estimation method elirninates many drawbacks inherent with the traditional centralized optimization method. Simulation results show that localization algorithm is efficient far estimating the plume source location.     

一种异步无线传感器网络目标定位方法

提出一种应用于异步无线传感器网络的分段式定位方法,该方法根据目标移动速度将定位过程自动分段,在每个时间段初期用同步定位方法获得目标准确初始位置,然后在此基础上采用异步定位.分段式定位方法解决了普通异步定位方法无法准确定位慢速目标的问题,大大降低定位系统对目标节点移动速度的要求.模拟仿真结果表明,该方法可以得到良好的效果.     

Distributed Estimation for Sensor Networks with Channel Estimation Errors

This paper describes the effect of channel estimation error (CEE) on the performance of distributed estimations of an unknown parameter in a wireless sensor network. Both the classical and Bayesian estimators are derived to mitigate the adverse effects caused by the CEE. Power scheduling among sensors and the power ratio between the training and data transmission at each individual node are optimized by directly minimizing the final average mean squared error to compensate for the CEE. A closed-form power scheduling policy is given for a homogeneous environment, which shows that more than 50% of the power should be allocated to sensor observation transmissions. For an inhomogeneous environment, a multilevel waterfilling type solution is developed for the power scheduling among sensors for only the sum power constraint with a "cave" waterfilling solution for both the sum and individual power constraints. Simulations show that the proposed power scheduling schemes achieve better performance than the equal power scheduling scheme.     

基于传播因子的分布式信源中心波达方向估计

采用传播因子估计分布式信源中心波达方向的算法,尤其是对于不相干分布式信源,利用泰勒级数将其方向向量进行一阶近似,得到形式上与点信源类似的分布式信源方向向量,再利用传播因子算法来估计其中心波达方向,有效地解决了角度扩散较小且角度信号密度不同的相干和不相干分布式信源中心波达方向估计问题.不仅计算简单,而且适用于多个分布式信源中心波达方向的估计.仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性,与MUSIC算法相比,本文提出的算法有更好的信噪比性能.     

双选择信道下叠加训练OFDM系统的迭代信道估计与均衡

在频率和时间双选择性信道下,时域冲击响应将会在一个OFDM符号时间内发生变化,导致OFDM系统出现严重的子载波间干扰。本文提出一种在双选择性信道下利用叠加训练序列进行迭代信道估计和均衡的方案。在假设时域信道抽头系数服从指数基扩展参数模型以后,利用在一个符号内的已知叠加周期训练序列建立线性模型,并基于最小二乘准则求出信道参数模型的各个抽头参数,从而构造出对应的时域信道响应矩阵和频域均衡矩阵。为进一步改善估计和均衡性能,将所得的符号判决作为已知的训练序列进行迭代估计和均衡,从而能有效地增强信道估计的性能并消除ICI干扰。实验结果表明本文算法在时间－频率双选择性信道下具有较好的性能。     

等级反应模型的Gibbs抽样方法

探讨了MCMC算法在多级评分项目反应模型参数估计中的实现及其估计精度.针对等级反应模型,基于数据扩充技术,提出了一种高效灵活的Gibbs抽样方法,得到了各个参数的Markov链.随着潜在变量的引入,每个参数的满条件分布为相应参数的先验分布的截断分布.这种抽样方法适用于任何类型的先验分布,不受先验分布形式的约束.对应每个...     

一种新的单个宽带点源到达角估计方法

基于宽带点源入射波的阵列输出相关矩阵与窄带分布源入射波的阵列输出相关矩阵的结构相似性 ,论文提出了可利用窄带分布源角度估计技术估计宽带点源到达角的新方法 ,并给出了协方差匹配技术处理宽带点源的算法和仿真 .仿真结果证实新方法有效性 .     

采用S-MAC协议的无线传感器网络可用带宽估计算法

提出一种利用串扰来估计采用了S-MAC的无线传感器网络中可用带宽的方法。传感器节点在使能串扰避免机制后,将收集到邻居节点的RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK分组中的网络分配矢量以表的形式记录在自己的缓存中,经过计算得到节点的可用带宽。仿真数值结果表明,所使用的可用带宽估计方法能够较为准确的预测S-MAC中节点周围的负载情况,竞争程度,为路由选择、负载均衡、多sink布置、优先级传输等策略提供参考。     

分布参数系统参数辨识的最佳测量位置

许多有关集中参数系统参数辨识的方法经改造后可推广到分布参数系统中,但其涉及的问题复杂,其中传感器的测量位置则是分布参数系统参数辨识过程的特有问题,它对分布参数系统的参数辨识精度有着很大的影响.从受噪声干扰的不同位置传感器检测值出发,构造了分布参数系统的信息矩阵,提出了一种基于信息矩阵行列式的优化算法,并采用D-最优试验设计准则优化传感器的位置配置,得到了分布参数系统检测传感器的最佳测量位置,同时保证了系统的参数辨识精度.仿真结果表明,该方法对于分布参数系统的输出和状态检测传感器位置的选择具有参考价值.     

基于L阵的分布式信源二维波达方向估计算法

研究了将相干分布式信源积分形式的方向向量化简为点信源方向向量与实向量的Schur-Hadamard积的方法,提出了一种基于L阵的相干分布式信源二维波达方向分离估计算法.利用阵列结构的特点首先估计仰角,然后构造基于Schur-Hadamard积的二阶统计量估计方位角,所利用的二阶统计量对噪声不敏感,具有较好的信噪比性能.该算法将二维波达方向联合估计简化为两步一维估计,有效降低了计算量.仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性.     

Errors-in-variables模型的参数估计

介绍了Errors-in-variables模型,利用Fisher得分算法,给出了在自变量的随机影响因素和因变量的随机影响因素相互独立和无重复测量数据情况下Errors—in-variables模型参数估计的迭代公式．     

Parameter Estimation for Constantinides-Ingersoll Model from Discrete Observations

The parameter estimation problem for an economic model called Constantinides-Ingersoll model is investigated based on discrete observations. Euler-Maruyama scheme and iterative method are applied to getting the joint conditional probability density function. The maximum likelihood technique is employed for obtaining the parameter estimators and the explicit expressions of the estimation error are given. The strong consistency properties of the estimators are proved by using the law of large numbers for martingales and the strong law of large numbers. The asymptotic normality of the estimation error for the diffusion parameter is obtained with the help of the strong law of large numbers and central-limit theorem. The simulation for the absolute error between estimators and true values is given and the hypothesis testing is made to verify the effectiveness of the estimators.     

Dynamic Direction of Arrival Estimation with an Unknown Number of Sources

Aiming at source number determination and direction of arrival(DOA) estimation under the case of time-varying source number,a method of DOA estimation with an unknown number of sources was proposed.Firstly,an algorithm based on crossvalidation technique was introduced to determine the number of sources.Then dynamic DOAs of source were estimated using an algorithm based on blind source separation(BSS) under the case that number of sources were unknown in advance and it was timevarying.The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by simulation of time-invariant and time-varying numbers of source.Compared with other conventional methods,the proposed method has superior evaluation performances The proposed method can estimate m(the numbers of sensor) DOAs while other conventional methods estimate less than m DOAs.The R_(mse) of the proposed method in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)(equal or lower than 30 dB) is smaller than 0.2 while R_(mse) of other conventional methods are greater than 0.8.     

基于局部观测信噪比的新分布式CFAR检测

为了提高基于二元局部判决的分布式ＣＦＡＲ检测的性能,提出一类新的基于局部观测信噪比的分布式ＣＦＡＲ检测方案（称为Ｒ类方案）。其特点是以ＣＦＡＲ算法做局部处理以形成局部观测的信噪比估值,然后将其传送给数据融合中心。相对于Ｓ＋ＯＳ,Ｒ类方案不仅使局部处理器和数据融合中心间的通信量减少了一半,而且对局部观测的要求也比Ｓ＋ＯＳ宽松。在三种典型背景环境中和两个局部处理器的条件下,分析了其中一种方案：ＯＳ－Ｒ－ＣＡ,推导出了它的检测和虚警性能的闭形解,并将其与ＣＯＳ,Ｓ＋ＯＳ等分布式ＣＦＡＲ检测进行了性能比较。结果表明,ＯＳ－Ｒ－ＣＡ的检测性能和虚警控制能力保持在了与Ｓ＋ＯＳ接近的水平。     

Federal extended Kalman filter based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations

In the estimation and identification of nonlinear system state,aiming at the adverse effect of observation missing randomly caused by detection probability of used sensor which is less than 1,a novel federal extended Kalman filter( FEKF) based on reconstructed observation in incomplete observations( ROIO) is proposed in this paper. On the basis of multi-sensor observation sets,the observation is exchanged at different times to construct a new observation set. Based on each observation set,an extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the state of the target,and then the federal filtering algorithm is used to solve the state estimation based on the multi-sensor observation data. The effect of the sensor probing probability on the filtering result and the effect of the number of sensors on the filtering result are obtained by the simulation experiment,respectively. The simulation results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于事件触发的分布式卡尔曼一致性滤波算法设计

针对无线传感器网络中存在的通信带宽受限等问题,设计了基于事件触发的分布式卡尔曼一致性滤波算法.采用增量发送的传输机制,每个传感器仅在当前时刻观测值与最新触发时刻观测值之间的差值平方超出阈值时,才将观测值发送到相应的估值器.而每个估值器都可以通过时间触发的规则从其邻居节点接收到估计值.为了避免估值之间互协方差矩阵的计算,通过局部最小化方差的上界提出了事件触发的分布式卡尔曼滤波器.基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了算法在均方意义下的指数有界性.数值仿真验证了事件触发的阈值越小,通信率越高且滤波器的估计精度越高;否则,通信率越低且估计精度越低.     

考虑自支持度和互支持度的多传感器一致性测度算子

针对传感器观测结果可能存在虚假甚至错误信息从而影响数据融合估计的问题,研究了一种度量多传感器观测结果一致性的测度算子.在进行数据融合估计之前,首先对多传感器的观测结果进行一致性检验,从而识别并剔除失效传感器的观测结果,最终获得一致性估计.该一致性测度算子基于Hampel粗差鉴别思想,同时考虑传感器的自支持度和传感器之间的互支持度,经过综合后给出传感器观测结果的一致性测度信息.仿真实验结果表明,该方法简单有效,能够准确识别传感器的虚假和错误观测结果,剔除失效传感器,同时能够给出传感器观测结果的质量评价,为数据融合估计提供可靠的一致性传感器组.     

基于串扰的无线传感器网络可用带宽估计算法

可用带宽是无线传感器网络中路由选择、负载均衡、多sink布置、优先级传输等策略的重要参考.文中提出一种利用串扰来估计采用了S-MAC协议的无线传感器网络可用带宽的方法.传感器节点在使用串扰避免机制后,将收集到邻节点的RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK分组中的网络分配矢量以表的形式记录在自己的缓存中,经过计算得到节点的可用带宽.仿真结果表明,该方法能够较为准确地预测S-MAC中节点周围的负载情况和竞争程度.