双侧驱动轴向柱塞泵/马达配流副摩擦转矩影响因数分析

为考察双侧驱动轴向柱塞泵/马达配流副结构参数和性能参数对其摩擦转矩特性的影响,在考虑油液黏压特性下,建立配流副物理模型,推导全膜润滑摩擦转矩公式,仿真分析压力、油膜厚度、密封带宽度、腰型槽中心角以及转速对摩擦转矩的影响。结果表明:配流副间摩擦转矩随压力增大而稍有增大,腰型槽中心角对摩擦转矩的影响较小;摩擦转矩随油膜厚度增大而减小,在增大到10μm后摩擦转矩趋于稳定;减小密封带宽度、降低转速能有效减小摩擦转矩。研究可为改善双侧驱动轴向柱塞泵/马达配流副润滑效果提供基础。     

湿式离合器接合特性仿真与分析

为了研究湿式离合器的接合特性,考虑摩擦副表面温度、相对速度、粗糙度以及载荷对摩擦系数的共同影响,基于流体动力润滑理论、粗糙表面弹性接触理论、吸附热理论以及传热学理论建立了湿式离合器接合过程数学模型。分别讨论了接合压力、摩擦副表面粗糙度、摩擦材料渗透性对接合过程中油膜厚度、相对角速度以及传递转矩的影响规律。结果表明：增大接合压力,转矩响应、相对角速度减小速度以及油膜厚度减小速度都会加快,接合时间缩短,最小油膜厚度减小;减小摩擦副表面粗糙度,转矩响应减慢,但相对角速度减小速度和油膜厚度减小速度都会加快,接合时间缩短,最小油膜厚度减小;增大摩擦材料渗透性,转矩响应和相对角速度减小速度以及油膜厚度减小速度都会加快,接合时间缩短,但最小油膜厚度变化较小。     

滑靴副润滑油膜成膜特性的理论与试验研究

为使滑靴副具有良好的摩擦性能,应使滑靴副处于全膜润滑状态. 通过耦合流体动力润滑方程、膜厚方程、任一点速度方程、流量平衡方程以及滑靴所受的力和力矩平衡方程,建立了滑靴的摩擦动力学模型,设计了滑靴副模型试验装置,仿真分析与试验研究了工作转速与压力对滑靴副油膜特性(中心膜厚、最小膜厚以及倾斜方位角)的影响. 仿真与试验结果表明,滑靴副的油膜厚度随工作转速的升高而增大,但增大趋势逐渐变缓;滑靴副油膜厚度随工作压力的升高而减小;低速高压下,滑靴副易处于混合润滑状态.      

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副间隙泄漏及摩擦转矩特性

探讨了在不同柱塞腔压力、缸体转速和滑靴重心与球窝中心所组成的离心力臂作用下滑靴副间隙泄漏以及摩擦转矩的变化过程.结果表明:柱塞腔压力、缸体转速以及滑靴的离心力臂与其所受的正向压紧力、动压效应以及离心力矩密切相关,它们是影响滑靴副泄漏流量的重要参数;滑靴的摩擦力矩随泄漏流量的增大而增大.液压泵的实际泄漏流量和摩擦转矩损失随柱塞腔压力和缸体转速增大而增大,由于考虑配流副和柱塞副的泄漏与摩擦转矩损失,其实际测试结果较大;滑靴在泵的容积效率和机械效率损失方面所占的比重较小.     

轴向柱塞泵柱塞副偏心状态油膜特性分析

为了分析柱塞副偏心状态对油膜特性的影响,采用动压支承理论和数值模拟方法,研究在不同柱塞腔压力和缸体转速时柱塞副油膜形态及其变化规律,采用寿命试验台测试液压泵试验件并与理论结果进行对比验证.结果表明:柱塞偏心状态下,柱塞副油膜出现最小厚度值,油膜内部压力高于柱塞腔压力;压油区油膜厚度随压力增加而线性增加,随转速增加而减小,但转速越大,油膜厚度减少量越小,柱塞转过90°时油膜厚度达到最小值;吸油区最小油膜厚度几乎不随转速变化,且吸油区最小油膜厚度小于压油区油膜厚度;柱塞副最小油膜厚度出现位置与斜盘摩擦力方向一致.     

多锥构型摩擦副同步过程的影响因素分析

基于润滑力学和微凸体摩擦原理，建立了多锥构型摩擦副同步过程的数学模型并进行数值求解，分析了多锥构型摩擦副同步过程中主从动片初始相对转速、油膜厚度、油膜承载力、微凸峰承载力、黏性剪切转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩等随同步时间的变化规律。利用所建模型研究了锥角、摩擦锥面数量、表面粗糙度、初始相对转速和加载压力等因素对同步过程的影响规律。结果表明：多锥构型摩擦副具有明显的楔形自增力效应，较小的轴向加载力可提供很大的锥面接触力；减小锥角、增加摩擦锥面数量、增大表面粗糙度和轴向加载压力均可提高同步转矩，缩短同步时间；同步时间与初始相对转速大致呈线性关系。     

液黏传动双圆弧油槽摩擦副油膜剪切转矩研究

双圆弧油槽摩擦副广泛应用于液黏传动,为了研究油槽结构参数对油膜剪切转矩的影响,对摩擦副间流体的流动特性进行数值模拟,得到了油膜剪切转矩.建立了集流场参数化建模(CAD)、数值模拟(CFX)、试验设计方法(DOE)及响应曲面法(RSM)为一体的油槽参数影响分析平台,分析了油槽深度、油槽宽度和油槽数目对油膜剪切转矩的影响并建立了近似响应曲面模型.搭建转矩性能试验台进行试验验证,结果表明:油膜剪切转矩随着油槽深度、宽度和数目的增大均减小,而油槽宽度对转矩的影响最大,油槽深度影响次之,油槽数目影响最小.通过理论和试验研究,应用CFX数值模拟和建立摩擦副油槽参数影响分析平台实现了CAD、CFX、DOE及RSM等技术的高度融合,可以准确地分析摩擦副油槽参数对油膜剪切转矩的影响.     

浮杯泵织构化配流副表面的承载特性仿真分析

浮杯泵作为柱塞泵的新型研究对象,配流副的摩擦磨损限制其高效发展.通过在滚筒板配流面上布置规则的仿生织构,探究其对摩擦副承载特性的影响.选取六种坑形,建立6凹坑润滑油膜模型,采用Fluent软件进行数值模拟,分析油膜的上表面压力分布、压力形成机理以及工况参数和织构参数对油膜承载力的影响.研究结果表明:油膜上表面的承载力中动压所占的比例最大,球形凹坑最适合浮杯泵织构化配流副的设计,转速的提高、面积率的增大、深径比的增大都有利于动压承载力的增大.     

双定子叶片泵滚柱连杆组摩擦副润滑特性分析

利用Matlab软件计算得出滚柱连杆组摩擦副作用力及内外滚柱偏转角的变化情况,分析得到作用力及接触应力最大位置,将其作为滚柱连杆组摩擦副润滑分析位置,并采用弹流润滑理论进行分析.研究结果表明:滚柱连杆副的润滑特性随滚柱半径的增大及液压泵转速的升高而变好;滚柱-连杆副的最小油膜厚度和膜厚比随半径差增大而迅速减小,随滚柱半径的增大而缓慢增大;当滚柱半径选取范围为2.5～3.5 mm,半径差取值范围为0.05～0.55mm时,该摩擦副的润滑状态良好;半径差越小,该摩擦副的润滑状态越好,考虑到实现径向间隙补偿,半径差设计范围为0.3～0.5 mm.     

电主轴角接触球轴承摩擦学和动力学耦合分析

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论和动力学理论,对角接触球轴承(主轴轴承)进行摩擦学特性和动力学特性耦合研究.在Ansys软件中建立考虑主轴轴承摩擦学特性的动力学仿真模型,利用有限差分法求解弹流润滑的Reyn-olds方程和弹性方程,求解轴承油膜反力,在Ansys中进行动力学仿真,输出轴承零件各种运动参数特性曲线.研究表明,速度是影响主轴轴承内部弹流油膜的重要因素,在相同的预载荷、接触角等工况条件下,陶瓷角接触球轴承的内圈油膜厚度随转速增大先增大后逐渐减小,外圈油膜厚度随转速增大开始变化不明显,随后明显减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to