碳纳米管复合材料中镁基体裂纹尖端应力强度因子有限元分析

通过有限元软件ANSYS对碳纳米管增强镁基(AZ91D)复合材料镁基体裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行模拟,得出在裂纹长度和弹性模量不匹配下对基体裂纹尖端无量纲化的应力强度因子影响情况.进一步模拟了不同长径比碳纳米管对复合材料基体中裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响.结果表明:当碳纳米管长径比较小时基体裂纹尖端应力强度因子随裂纹长度增长而增大,当碳纳米管长径比较大时基体裂纹尖端应力强度因子随着裂纹长度的变化呈现出减小的规律.     

管道表面蚀坑-裂纹的应力强度因子分析

针对在役的海底管道遭受腐蚀疲劳损伤时其管道表面出现点蚀坑问题,应力强度因子成为衡量蚀坑向裂纹转变的临界条件之一.断裂力学的腐蚀疲劳寿命分析的基础是腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展,裂纹的不稳定扩展又由应力强度因子来判别.因此,在腐蚀疲劳破坏中,将点蚀坑和应力强度因子结合起来研究变得尤为重要.基于应力集中是导致裂纹萌生的主导因素,建立了双参数蚀坑模型,合理地解释了腐蚀疲劳裂纹在蚀坑处萌生位置差异的现象.在管道内流体压力的作用下,管道外表面轴向I型裂纹在环向应力的作用下成为最为危险的一种裂纹型式.基于线弹性断裂力学,利用ABAQUS软件,在管道内压作用下,采用二维模型,对管道表面的轴向I型蚀坑+裂纹的应力强度因子展开了分析.结果显示,蚀坑对裂纹应力强度因子的取值产生明显影响,可显著降低裂纹扩展的门槛值.进一步采用三维模型,利用扩展有限元法,对影响轴向I型蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子的蚀坑参数开展了敏感性分析.结果显示,蚀坑参数的不同,对蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子、裂纹形状因子的影响趋势各异.随着蚀坑参数深径比?、深度d的增大,蚀坑-裂纹应力强度因子的取值也逐渐变大;蚀坑参数深径比?、深度d对形状因子F取值的影响存在一定的区间效应.     

平行双裂纹应力强度因子的计算方法

为了快速、方便地估算多裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,以承受均匀拉伸载荷的含平行双裂纹的有限平板模型为研究对象,提出了一种基于裂纹最大张口位移量确定平行双裂纹尖端应力强度因子的新方法.该方法以单裂纹问题中最大张口位移与应力强度因子间的函数关系为基础,考虑了平行双裂纹的垂向、纵向裂纹间距比和裂纹长度比的影响,拟合出纵向间距比为0时不同裂纹长度比下与垂向间距比相关的修正系数表达式,并进一步分析了裂纹纵向间距比对双裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响,最终建立了平行双裂纹应力强度因子的简便方法.     

共线双裂纹应力强度因子计算方法

为了在工程中快速准确地估算含共线双裂纹平板表面及最大裂纹深度位置的应力强度因子,提出一种基于裂纹表面最大张口位移估算三维体表面共线双裂纹沿表面及深度方向应力强度因子的新方法.该方法首先以三维体表面单裂纹沿表面和深度方向应力强度因子为基础,通过简单修正,提出了共线双裂纹应力强度因子的计算模型;然后基于有限元数值模拟,考虑了共线双裂纹的间距、裂纹形状比和裂纹长度比等因素对修正系数的影响,建立了多种情况下共线双裂纹应力强度因子的修正系数的量化模型;最后得到了适合工程应用的基于裂纹表面最大张口位移估算共线双裂纹应力强度因子的简便方法.     

楔型向错偶极子对界面裂纹尖端场的干涉

研究了材料中楔型向错偶极子与界面裂纹的弹性干涉效应.运用复变函数方法获得了复势函数和应力场的封闭形式解答,导出了界面裂纹尖端应力强度因子的解析表达式.讨论了向错偶极子的位置、方向和偶臂长度对界面裂纹尖端应力强度因子的屏蔽和反屏蔽效应.结果表明,向错偶极子靠近裂纹尖端时,对应力强度因子的屏蔽或反屏蔽作用非常强烈.向错偶极子的方向存在一个临界值使其对应力强度因子的屏蔽或反屏蔽效应最大.另外,偶臂长度和材料失配对应力强度因子的影响也很大.     

基于直流电压降法的三点弯曲试样疲劳裂纹扩展速率测量方法

通过有限元分析得到了三点弯曲试样的裂纹长度与电压降及裂纹尖端应力强度因子的关系式,开发了可以在应力强度因子恒定、可控升高和降低的条件下进行疲劳试验的软件,通过编写测试程序的方式连续进行不同载荷、载荷比、频率条件下的疲劳试验,在线测量裂纹扩展速率,且根据裂纹长度扩展情况自动改变测试条件.通过对2种镍铝青铜合金材料疲劳裂纹扩展速率测量,对该方法进行了验证,得到了裂纹扩展速率与应力强度因子关系曲线,并利用Priddle公式和ParisErdogan公式拟合得到了裂纹扩展应力强度因子门槛值等疲劳特征参数.     

几何特征对含切口构件疲劳寿命的影响

V形切口尖端处的应力奇异对含切口构件的疲劳寿命有着显著的影响,切口尖端的裂纹扩展速率取决于该应力奇场。文章采用边界元法研究了在疲劳荷载作用下,V形切口尖端处裂纹的扩展情况,并针对V形切口尖端处裂纹扩展到与纯裂纹具有相同的应力强度因子情形,对两者的疲劳寿命进行比较,最后得出切口深度、切口张角以及初始裂纹长度对V形切口裂纹扩展的影响规律。     

工字型截面梁角裂纹的应力强度因子分析

工字型梁是工程中最常见的结构之一,其中任何裂纹都将成为结构断裂失效的隐患.带有裂纹的工字型梁是典型的三维有限边界问题,用经典方法求解其裂纹的应力强度因子通常相当困难.采用三维20节点等参元,应用ANSYS大型工程有限元计算软件,对工字型梁4个不同裂纹开裂位置的角裂纹进行应力强度因子计算分析,给出了裂纹长度变化下的应力强度因子变化规律、趋势和曲线,总结了工字梁结构中结构参数对结构应力强度因子的影响规律,该计算结果可作为同类结构损伤容限设计的参考.     

混合型应力强度因子的光弹性多参数测定

提高裂纹尖端应力强度因子值的计算精度,对于准确分析受力结构的起裂条件和破坏模式具有重要意义.本文采用3D打印技术获得了不含残余应力的平板模型,高精度打印预置裂纹避免了传统加工过程产生残余应力的缺点;综合考虑奇异场和非奇异场对裂纹尖端区域应力场的影响,引入远场边界控制的三个常数项应力,提出了光弹性多参数法;采用三点弯曲试验,运用最小二乘法计算了不同载荷下纯 Ⅰ 型和 Ⅰ-Ⅱ 混合型应力强度因子值,并与理论解对比分析.结果表明:对于纯Ⅰ 型应力强度因子,计算结果的平均误差为6.1%,对于 Ⅰ-Ⅱ 混合型应力强度因子,计算结果的平均误差分别为6.4%和5.5%,多参数法与理论解相比较小的计算误差验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性,可为精确计算应力强度因子的光弹性实验研究提供借鉴.     

渗透压下岩石翼形裂纹应力强度因子及断裂判据

为研究渗透压下岩石翼形裂纹面部分闭合情况下的破坏行为,建立多裂纹间相互作用下压剪翼形裂纹的力学模型,推导得到岩石翼形裂纹尖端应力强度因子表达式.分析不同起裂角条件下,应力强度因子随岩石翼裂纹长度的变化规律,并对参数进行敏感性分析.基于摩尔-库伦准则,推导考虑裂纹间相互作用的部分闭合型裂纹的断裂韧度表达式,得到岩石在压剪应力作用下Ⅰ,Ⅱ型裂纹的复合断裂判据.分析结果表明:裂纹间相互作用对应力强度因子的影响效果显著;应力强度因子在起裂角为65°左右时达到最大;应力强度因子对裂纹起裂角和翼形裂纹长度较敏感,对裂纹闭合度的敏感性较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.