改进的两阶段协作稀疏表示分类器

稀疏表示的分类器(Sparse Representation-based Classifier,SRC)利用全部的训练集进行训练来得到一个完备基,这使其时间复杂度增长,同时,稀疏表示算法过分强调稀疏项对于分类的作用而忽略了类别之间的协作稀疏表示对于分类的影响。针对这个问题,本文在徐勇等人提出的TPTSR(Two-Phase Test Sample Sparse Representation)算法的基础上提出了一种改进算法,即改进的两阶段协作稀疏表示分类器(Improved Two-Phase Collaborative Sparse Representation Classifier,ITPCSRC),该算法尝试通过寻找一个具有与测试样本关联性最大而且又满足SRC关于训练样本基本假设的完备基来对测试样本进行协作的稀疏表示。本方法在ORL人脸库、Yale人脸库和AR人脸库上进行实验,并与目前最新的基于稀疏表示改进的分类器算法相比,ITPCSRC算法识别率得到了显著提高。     

融合遮挡检测与HOG特征协作表示的鲁棒人脸识别

稀疏表示分类算法在人脸识别中表现出较好性能,但其对面部遮挡的鲁棒性较差,在特征提取时未利用面部鲁棒特征且实时性差。针对以上问题,本文提出了融合遮挡检测与HOG特征协作表示的人脸识别方法。首先,设计了一种基于HOG特征和支持向量机的遮挡检测方法,根据常见遮挡的分布将人脸分块,在子块上检测遮挡。然后,结合遮挡检测结果,仅提取非遮挡部分的HOG特征并利用协作表示方法进行分类。测试结果表明:对AR人脸库中遮挡图像的平均识别率为95.2%,对AR、Yale人脸库中发生光照和表情变化人脸的识别率分别为97.3%和98.6%,且运算速度比稀疏表示方法提升了约293倍。与基于稀疏表示的分类方法相比,该方法的鲁棒性和实时性都有明显提升。     

基于联合动态稀疏表示方法的多图像人脸识别算法

采用联合动态稀疏表示方法构造一种新型的多图像人脸识别模型.该模型在多张人脸图像的稀疏表示矩阵上,利用动态数集得到联合动态稀疏表示矩阵,识别多图像的人脸.在多张人脸图像作为测试样本的情况下,利用多图像之间的关联性提高人脸图像识别的准确率.最后利用CMU人脸图像库对该算法进行仿真,结果表明其识别率较其他算法有很大的提高.     

基于二维图像矩阵的稀疏表示分类方法

利用稀疏表示对图像分类时,需要将二维图像转换为一维特征向量,这大大增加了计算复杂度和忽略了图像矩阵中固有的局部结构信息.为了解决上述问题,设计了完全基于二维特征矩阵的稀疏表示人脸分类方法.首先将二维图像转为2D Fisherface矩阵,然后直接利用二维矩阵求解稀疏表示和进行分类.整个识别过程中,不需要将二维图像转换为一维向量.实验结果表明,二维特征矩阵在稀疏表示分类中是十分有效的,设计的方法可以更快的运算速度达到更高的识别率.在ORL人脸数据库和Extended Yale B人脸数据库上的识别率分别达到97.5%和99.3%.     

Curvelet变换在人脸识别中的应用研究

针对小波只能反映信号的点奇异性,无法实现人脸图像面部轮廓和五官曲线信息的最优稀疏表示,提出了一种基于第2代Curvelet的人脸识别算法.通过对人脸图像进行第2代Curvelet变换,分解得到表征人脸基本信息的低频系数,再利用双向2维主成分分析((2D)2PCA)进行降维,并结合最近邻算法进行人脸识别.以ORL人脸数据库进行试验,结果表明:与基于小波变换的算法相比,该算法具有更高识别率和更短的识别时间.     

基于多方向Gabor特征图稀疏表示的鲁棒人脸识别方法

为提高对光照、表情、姿态等可变因素的鲁棒性,提出一种基于多方向Gabor特征图稀疏表示的人脸识别方法.对人脸图像进行多方向多尺度Gabor变换,然后将同一方向不同尺度的Gabor特征进行融合得到多方向特征图,再对每个方向的融合特征图提取Gist特征并赋予自适应权重,接着将所有方向特征图的自适应加权Gist特征串联构成人脸图像特征向量,最后利用稀疏表示分类方法实现人脸识别.实验结果表明,本文算法在Yale、ORL和Extended Yale B人脸数据库上的平均识别率分别达到99.8%、99.7%和100.0%.      

改进型稀疏表示的图像分类方法

在图像分类问题中,传统的稀疏表示算法只考虑样本整体信息,忽略样本局部结构信息;此外,稀疏表示算法要求测试样本与训练样本的人脸图像要一致对齐,当姿势与角度发生变化时分类效果明显下降.针对这些问题,提出了一种改进L2正则化稀疏表示算法.首先,通过求解最小二乘法得到稀疏系数矩阵;然后,计算样本重构残差,用稀疏度量公式量化样本之间的稀疏性;最后,在保持样本稀疏性的同时增加了样本类与类之间的局部判别信息,进而提高样本的分类性能.为了验证算法的有效性,在ORL、FERET和FEI人脸数据库与Stanford 40 Actions数据库和Caltech-UCSD Birds (CUB200-2011)数据库上进行实验.实验结果表明,该方法在不同的人脸数据库和扩展视觉数据集上取得的分类结果均优于传统稀疏表示算法及其他常用分类算法.     

基于改进LTP算子和稀疏表示的人脸表情识别

为了提高实际应用中的人脸表情识别率,本文提出了改进局部三值模式算法(ILTP),并结合稀疏表达分类器(SRC)组成新的算法应用于人脸表情识别.该算法首先利用ILTP算法对人脸表情图像进行特征提取,然后将得到的图像顶层特征数据和图像底层特征数据作为SRC的输入,从而完成人脸表情分类.基于JAFFE数据的实验结果表明:改进算法的人脸表情识别率达70.48%,具有较高的可行性.     

基于深度卷积稀疏自编码分层网络的人脸识别技术

面对海量人脸图像识别,传统特征提取方法难以提取有效特征,造成人脸识别准确率较低。提出了一种鲁棒的人脸特征提取算法,即利用深度卷积稀疏自编码网络自动学习人脸中丰富且识别力高的特征。该方法将卷积操作融入自编码网络中,同时加入稀疏化思想,从而形成深度卷积稀疏自编码分层网络(hierarchical deep convolution sparse autoencoder,HDCSAE);用该网络自动提取海量人脸图像的高层鲁棒特征,并将提取的特征作为SVM分类器的输入得到分类结果。在FERET人脸数据库下对该方法进行测试,识别率达到99.47%,比传统的基于提取人为定义特征的人脸识别方法的识别率有所提高。     

基于Gabor小波变换与支持向量机的人脸识别

提出一种将Gabor小渡变换与支持向量机相结合的人脸识别算法。首先用Gabor小波对人脸图像进行特征提取,由于变换后的特征维数较高,所以要对变换特征进行降维。本文采用一种改进的二维主元分析方法实现。最后采用支持向量机进行人脸的分类识别。在ORL人脸库中对算法进行了测试．结果表明该算法识别率较高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to