塔里木盆地哈得逊油田成藏研究探讨

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田存在3个相互独立的油藏:石炭系东河砂岩油藏及中泥岩段薄砂层油藏、志留系柯坪塔格组上3亚段油藏。它们的油气来源于同一套烃源岩、具有相同的区域性盖层。多     

利用流体包裹体研究油气成藏期次--以塔里木盆地英南2井为例

以塔里木盆地英南2井气藏为例，用流体包裹体进行油气成藏期次的研究。镜下观察流体包裹体，并对与烃类共生的盐水包裹体进行均一化温度和冰融点测试，进行油气藏成藏期的分析。流体包裹体分析表明英南2井气藏多为气态烃包裹体，大部分存在于石英次生加大边中，共生的盐水包裹体的均一化温度集中且接近现今井温，对比埋藏史得出：天然气是在近10Ma时一次性充注成藏。     

巴楚-麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律

巴楚-麦盖提地区位于塔里木盆地的中西部,跨越巴楚断隆和麦盖提斜坡两个二级构造单元.通过研究区域构造演化,以主力烃源岩(C-O1)的主生油期为出发点,追踪油气的生成、运移、聚集,保存及调整破坏的动态成藏过程,从而探索油气分布的有利区带.分别楚立了西部隆起,东部斜坡和麦盖提斜坡的成藏模式,讨论分析了构造对三者油气分布的控制,提出了油气勘探的重点.     

塔东北孔雀河地区油气成藏过程重建

塔里木盆地东北的孔雀河地区在区域构造上横跨满加尔坳陷和孔雀河斜坡两个二级构造单元,地质条件比较复杂,长期的构造演化、多期的构造运动及生排烃史造成油气勘探难度较大,油气分布规律很不清晰.作者从孔雀1井、英南2井、龙口1井、满东1井等含油气构造的构造演化出发,分析了成藏演化过程,总结了孔雀河地区油气成藏演化模式,认为主要成藏期为喜马拉雅期.寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩处于过成熟阶段;侏罗系烃源岩成熟度低,分布局限,贡献不大.孔雀河地区油气源主要为早期古油藏裂解气.     

鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区长8油层组油气成藏模式

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地镇原地区油气充注特征与油藏主控因素,以及油气聚集规律与成藏模式。运用成藏动力学,以典型油气藏或出油点解剖为基础,以流体来源及其流动样式为核心,采用精细油源对比、流体包裹体技术和油气运移路径示踪技术等方法。结果表明长8油层组为岩性或构造-岩性油藏,油气主要来源于长7段优质烃源岩;主要存在2期原油连续充注过程(±130 Ma B.P.和±105 Ma B.P.),第二期为主充注期;流体存在明显的从上至下的垂向运移指向,进一步证实"上生下储、高压驱动、裂缝与砂体输导、多点充注、近源成藏"的模式特征。     

海拉尔盆地布达特群流体包裹体特征及来源

海拉尔盆地布达特群热流体活动频繁,脉体发育。脉体中发育3种不同类型烃类包裹体,即旱期富CH₄气态烃类包裹体、中期液态烃类包裹体、晚期气液两相烃类包裹体。通过对3种烃类包裹体宿卞矿物特征、均一温度测定、宿主矿物化学成分的分析,指出铁白云石脉的形成与岩浆成因及低温热液作用有关,石英脉的形成可能来源于深部流体。早期石英脉中富CH₄气态烃类包裹体可能同样来自于深部;中期铁白云石脉中液态烃类包裹体是热事件作用中高温变质水分解并携带了围岩中烃类物质进入裂缝中沉淀而成的;晚期石英脉、铁白云石脉中气液两相烃类包裹体则代表了布达特群油气成藏时油气运移、聚集的结果。结合沉积理藏史和热演化史恢复,认为布达特群成藏时间为60- 105 Ma,即伊敏组沉积初期开始,一直延续到青元岗组。     

柴达木盆地西南区油气充注与青藏高原隆升耦合关系的包裹体证据

准确厘定柴达木盆地内含油气储层中烃类充注历史对于全面认识青藏高原隆升构造活动影响盆地内油气的成藏和分布均具有重要意义。本文详尽地调查了柴西南地区新生界主力含油层位的流体包裹体显微测温数据及所对应的烃类充注期次及时间,全面厘清了油气充注期次与高原隆升强活动期之间的耦合关系。研究结果表明,研究区油气藏普遍存在至少2期次的油气充注,通常发生在青藏高原隆升强活动期C、D和E期(中新世以后),几乎所有的油气藏均在强活动E期发生过规模化的油气聚集,说明青藏高原隆升运动末期的构造活动是研究区油气成藏和分布的关键影响因素。由于“多期成藏、晚期富集”的油气成藏特征,早期充注的石油可能改变砂岩储层的天然亲水性,有利于晚期油气的运移和聚集,在一定程度上弥补储层在继续埋藏过程中的物性损失,预示着深层存在油气勘探潜力的可能性。     

塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系石油地质特征

塔里木盆地是在古生代地台基础上发展起来的中—新生代叠合型含油气盆地.由于盆地长期处于相对稳定的大地构造环境,这就为油气的生成、聚集、保存提供了有利的地质条件。从盆地内发现的多处地面油气显示和目前钻井获得的高产油气流,都证实了塔里木盆地的油气资源是非常丰富的。特别是在盆地内发现的多套生油层来中,寒武—奥陶系为最佳。为此,本文就从寒武—奥陶系的石油地质特征入手,来探讨油气的分布规律。     

塔东热液地质作用机制及对储层的改造意义

塔东地区断裂发育，早期发育的断裂与晚期断裂之间存在相互改造、叠加、复合的过程，深大断裂沟通多套地层，断裂活动期形成的挤压破碎带和断裂裂缝带作为岩浆热液上升通道，为热液溶蚀作用改造储层提供了有利条件，因此，识别出热液期次对塔东白云岩储层成因机制具有重要意义。通过对钻井岩芯、岩屑及岩石薄片、铸体薄片观察鉴定分析，在区内下古生界碳酸盐岩中识别和发现了钠长石化作用和自生羽毛状伊利石沉淀，也是塔里木盆地内的首次发现，并通过对包裹体均一温度，碳氧同位素等地化特征研究，揭示其成岩流体源于岩浆热液，丰富了区内热液作用的矿物学标志，进一步识别出区内存在3期热液作用，通过对3期热液作用的机制及其储渗空间意义的研究，总结出第I期热液作用对于储层形成意义不大，第Ⅱ期热液作用主要发育在局限的沉积环境，第Ⅲ期热液溶蚀形成溶蚀缝孔洞，与天然气运移聚集匹配良好，构成了区内天然气聚集成藏的主要储渗空间。     

塔中地区油气资源评价

系统评价了塔里木盆地塔中地区的烃源岩,采用盆地数值模拟方法定量计算了塔中地区的生、排烃数量。研究表明,塔中地区的油气运移聚集主要发生于早古生代和晚古生代的几次构造运动期间,聚集的油气曾遭受过严重的破坏,塔中地区的构造演化对塔中地区的油气聚集起着至关重要的作用。寒武系和下奥陶统烃源岩生排油时间较早,因此对现今已发现的油藏贡献不大,而晚排出的天然气有利于聚集;中上奥陶统烃源岩生排油延续时间较长,对塔中的油气聚集有实质性的贡献。     

Hydrocarbon charging histories of the Ordovician reservoir in the Tahe oil field, Tarim Basin, China

The Ordovician reservoir of the Tahe oil field went through many tectonic reconstructions, and was characterized by multiple hydrocarbon chargings. The aim of this study was to unravel the complex charging histories. Systematic analysis of fluid inclusions was employed to complete the investigation. Fluorescence observation of oil inclusions under UV light, and microthermometry of both oil and aqueous inclusions in 105 core samples taken from the Ordovician reservoir indicated that the Ordovician reservoir underwent four oil chargings and a gas charging. The hydrocarbon chargings occurred at the late Hercynian, the Indo-Sinian and Yanshan, the early Himalaya, the middle Himalaya, and the late Himalaya,respectively. The critical hydrocarbon charging time was at the late Hercynian.     

Dominant geological element of migration and accumulation about Silurian oil reservoirs in central Tarim

Based on the migration track of the Silurian oil pools along the faults in central Tarim by the nitrogen compounds and the maturity parameters of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon, the formation of the Silurian oil pools was totally concerned with vertical migration that faults were the dominant migration channels. The comprehensive analysis shows that the dominant geological element, which contributed to the migration and accumulation of the Silurian oil pools in central Tarim, was the strike-slip fault, which developed from Ordovician to Permian. The future work will focus on conducting a more intensive study of the formation, evolution and distribution of the strike-slip faults for making sure of favorable hydrocarbon accumulation and favorable exploration targets.     

塔北轮南地区油气成藏年代与成藏模式

通过包裹体分析法、伊利石测年法、露点压力 /饱和压力法、油气水界面追溯法等多种成藏年代分析方法研究认为 ,轮南地区油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点 ,且早期油藏在晚期的调整改造十分强烈 .其中古生界特别是奥陶系油藏主要为晚海西期充注、喜山期受到调整改造而形成的残余原生油藏 ,三叠—侏罗系油藏主要为奥陶系古油藏在晚喜山期调整形成的次生油藏 .造成古油藏普遍发生调整的主要原因 ,一是后期强烈的构造变动和断裂活动 ,二是晚期高—过成熟气强烈的气侵作用 .因此 ,轮南地区大中型油气田的勘探应以轮南古隆起的斜坡部位 (包括轮南西斜坡和南斜坡 )为重点 ,它们是轮南地区大中型油气田形成和保存的最有利部位     

吐哈盆地七泉湖构造带油气成藏史

构造演化史研究表明,七泉湖构造带从燕山期开始发育,第三系地层沉积前已具圈闭雏形,继承性的古构造背景是油气运移的有利通道.逆掩断裂带下盘的侏罗系水西沟群烃源岩成熟较晚,在晚第三纪大量生烃.七泉湖构造带流体包裹体特征明显,主要发育一期流体包裹体,烃类包裹体及伴生的盐水包裹体均发育在切割碎裂石英和胶结物的裂隙中,储层中的包裹体均一温度分布都只有一个主峰温度区间.结合地质背景、构造演化史、烃源岩演化史、油气藏饱和压力资料确定了七泉湖-玉果油田侏罗系油藏的成藏时间为晚第三纪.     

哈拉哈塘潜山型油藏特征与成藏主控因素研究

塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区地质条件复杂,油气资源丰富,是重要的油气勘探区。通过对哈拉哈塘潜山区哈8 井区的地质特征、油水分布特征以及对主控因素的分析研究,认为该区油水分布复杂,不具有分带性。从加里东到早海西期,奥陶系鹰山组-一间房组海相碳酸盐岩经历了多期岩溶的叠加改造,风化壳岩溶缝洞体储层发育,形成了良好的油气储存条件;潜山区奥陶系逐渐抬升剥蚀,鹰山组-一间房组储层之上的盖层的缺失与否对早期油藏的保存具有重要作用;断裂性质和局部构造控制了后期油气充注强度和油藏类型。多种控制因素使得哈801 井、哈8 井、哈802 井等形成了相对独立的油气运聚体系。对潜山区哈8 井区油气水特征的研究,有助于指导碳酸盐岩潜山型油气藏的勘探和开发。     

Observation of hydrocarbon generation and migration of highly-matured carbonates by means of laser-induced fluorescence microscopy

Some important information on hydrocarbon generation, inclusion and migration in highly-matured carbonates of lower Palaeozoic age from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin hasbeen analyzed by a newly-combined laser-induced fluorescence microscope (LFM) designed by our laboratory. The following information has been obtained from the lower Ordovician lamellar carbonates with equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro) as high as 1.6%-1.7% and residual TOC of 0.14%-0.35% from the Ordos Basin: wide occurrences of oil and source macerals with strong fluorescence, including G. Prisca alginite, lamalginite, telalginite and algae-detrinite; fluorescing asphalt among mineral crystals; some groundmass and spheroid-like reservoir bitumen with high maturation levels in the pores of dolomites. Various kinds of fluorescing organic inclusions and asphalt have been found in the carbonates, calcareous shales and silt-shales with high maturation levels from the Cambrian-Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. All this helps us find and evaluate significant and excellent source rocks for large-and middle-scale gas fields. The net and micro-net systems for hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and migration in carbonates have been revealed by the highly-powered laser-induced fluorescence microscopy.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fauit and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metaaomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such carbonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

阿克库勒凸起输导体系对油气分布的控制效应

针对塔里木盆地多油源、多旋回和多期生烃的特点,从油气成藏系统化、动态化角度综合运用输导体静态组合和演化动态的分析方法,根据阿克库勒凸起构造发育史及成藏过程将本区输导体系划分为加里东中、晚期限制性横向为主输导网络模式、海西期—印支期非限制性输导网络模式和燕山期—喜马拉雅期局部限制性横向输导为主输导网络模式。具体研究该区轮南、轮西和塔河三个典型油气藏的输导体系,分析了塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起输导体系与油气藏成藏规律之间的关系,认识了阿克库勒凸起复杂的油气运聚过程,揭示其油气成藏规律,为发现油气富集区提供了理论模式。     

塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fault and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metasomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such cap bonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary chap acteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.