侵蚀背景下湘中红壤丘陵区土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳分布特征的影响研究

以红壤丘陵区典型区域为对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了侵蚀背景下红壤丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳的影响规律.结果表明,1)土地利用方式影响土壤活性有机碳主要体现在表层土壤.不同土地利用方式下表层土壤活性有机碳含量差异显著,而在表层以下的土壤中没有显著性差异;2)土地利用方式对不同侵蚀部位活性有机碳影响较大.不同土地利用方式下侵蚀部位土壤活性有机碳含量差异性明显高于沉积部位;3)不同土地利用方式之间活性有机碳的垂向分布规律基本一致,表现为表层活性有机碳含量最高,随着土层深度的增加,含量逐渐减小.     

贵阳市白云岩地区不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响

不同的土地利用方式影响着土壤的理化性质及土壤质量。用空间代替时间序列的研究方法,对贵阳市白云岩地区4种主要土地利用方式的土壤物理性质进行了样地调查与土样分析。结果表明不同土地利用方式条件下的土壤物理性质指标(土壤水分及持水性、土壤容重、土壤比重)存在较大差异,变化规律亦不一致。在较大区域内土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响没有小区域内土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响显著。良好的植被条件与合理的土地利用能有效地保持水土,改善土壤质量,有效防止土壤退化,植被恢复特别是灌草丛的恢复对改善土壤质量有重要作用。     

皖南优质烟基地的土壤环境

皖南地区主要植烟土壤类型有红壤、黄棕壤、潮土和水稻土。其中以红壤植烟面积最大。本文从土壤环境、土壤质地、土壤酸碱度、土壤养分和土壤含量五个方面对皖南烟区植烟土壤作了初步评价，总的说来，皖南烟区植烟土壤环境能满足优质烟叶生长的要求。     

退耕还林土壤动物群落结构及其演变的研究综述与应用前景

土壤动物群落结构及其演变特征能反映生态系统的退化、恢复或重建过程,也能为评价人类利用土地及其管理方式的可持续性提供科学依据.长期以来,有关黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林土壤动物群落变化及其演变机理的系统研究鲜有报道.通过综述退耕还林区土壤动物和土壤因子及地上植被之间的互动效应和演变机理,分析退耕还林植被恢复对土壤动物的影响以及...     

红壤丘陵区不同地类活性有机碳分布特征及与草本生物量关系

以南方红壤丘陵区荒地、松林、草地坡地小区为研究对象,在研究了土地利用方式对土壤活性有机碳和草本生物量分布特征影响规律的基础上,深入探讨了不同土地利用方式下土壤活性有机碳与草本生物量的定量关系.结果表明不同土地利用方式对土壤易氧化有机碳(ROC)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)以及草本生物量的分布特征均有重要影响,其中草地坡面小区的活性有机碳各组分和草本生物量均高于荒地和松林小区;定量关系研究表明,影响荒地、松林和草地草本生物量的活性有机碳组分分别为DOC,ROC,DOC和MBC,其中荒地坡面DOC主要通过土壤有机碳(SOC)对草本生物量产生影响.     

综合治理 红壤巨变

红壤是我国重要的土地资源,是发展热带、亚热带粮食和经济作物的主要基地。它遍布于北纬15～31度的广阔地带,包括长江以南十二个省(台湾省在内),约占全国总面积的11～12%。我县是典型的低丘陵红壤地区,解放以来,在伟大领袖毛主席关于“备战、备荒、为人民”的战略方针指引下,开垦利用和改良红壤,卓有成效。把过去被资产阶级学者诬蔑为“红色沙漠”的红壤土,改造成了“红色宝地”,促进了农业生产大发展,跨进了大寨县的先进行列,并决心在英明领袖华主席为首的党中央领导下,抓纲治国,继续向高标准大寨县努力攀登。     

海南岛东部地区土地利用方式对土壤有机碳含量的影响

研究海南岛东部4种典型土地利用方式，分析不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量的分布特征以及碳密度变化，以期为合理优化海南岛土地利用方式以及促进农业生产的持续发展提供科学依据。以海南岛东部典型的4种土地利用方式(果园地、橡胶林地、水稻田、抛荒地)为研究对象，通过野外调查取样和室内分析测试，对不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳的含量及密度分布特征进行研究。结果表明：在0～30 cm土壤剖面中，4种不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳含量均值为3.73～14.01 g·kg^-1,平均含量由大到小依次为水稻田、抛荒地、果园地、橡胶林地。0～30 cm土壤有机碳平均密度为1.74～5.86 kg·m^-2;同种土地利用方式下，土壤有机碳密度在各土层内的变化基本相同，其随土层深度的增加而减少，与土壤有机碳含量变化趋势类似。研究区4种不同土地利用方式中，土壤有机碳密度在0～20 cm土层比重占研究剖面(0～30 cm)的65%以上(69.21%～72.99%)。土地利用方式改变将会导致土壤容重发生变化。研究区4种不同土地利用方式中，水稻田土壤有机碳含量和密度最高，橡胶林地最低；不...     

熵权属性识别模型在不同利用方式下耕地土壤中POPs评价中的应用

以吉林省不同利用方式下土壤环境质量为监测区域,对研究区不同土地利用类型下共计采集土壤样品206个,应用气相色谱测定样品中的DDTs和BHCs的含量,采用熵权属性识别模型对4种不同土地利用方式下的土壤环境质量进行了评价。评价结果表明,研究区土壤环境质量整体状况基本良好,评价结果为黑土常规耕作土壤和人参种植土壤为二级水平,长期定位试验土壤和设施农业土壤为一级水平,各监测区域排名顺序为长期定位试验土壤设施农业土壤人参种植土壤黑土常规耕作土壤。结果表明,虽然POPs已经禁用了20多年,仍然可以在常规耕作的土壤中监测到,而且其含量影响了农产品产地土壤的环境质量安全,可能对人体健康构成威胁。研究结果说明,权属性识别模型更体现出了分割问题上的优越性,避免了权重确定的主观性,评价方法可行,精确度较高。     

江西红壤丘陵区发展持续农业的对策

在总结十数年红壤丘陵开发验教训的基础上,结合实施农业部的“沃土计划”和世行贷款红壤开发项目的经验,提出了促进红壤丘陵发展持续农业的６条对策。     

东平湖湿地不同土地利用方式草本植物特征分析

以东平湖湿地展营人工林和老湖人工林、展营原生湿地和陈山口原生湿地、展营弃耕地和稻屯洼弃耕地为研究对象,以样方法调查各土地利用方式下的植物群落,分析各个利用方式下的物种组成、优势种变化以及各个物种的盖度、密度和高度特征.结果表明,不同土地利用方式下东平湖湿地共有51个草本植物物种组成,分别隶属于20科38属,其中展营原生湿地物种数最丰富,展营人工林次之,弃耕地最为贫乏.各土地利用方式下的优势种不同,且主要伴生种也差异较大.草本植物的盖度、密度和高度因土地利用方式不同亦均有明显差别,原生湿地下草本植物的盖度、密度和高度都最为优势.由此可知,东平湖湿地不同土地利用方式及利用程度严重影响着草本植物的物种组成及其生长特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-