Monte Carlo模拟研究聚合诱导高分子自组装

使用Monte Carlo单格点模型模拟研究活性聚合的动力学过程,在聚合反应的同时,观察高分子在溶液中的自组装相行为.通过统计模拟聚合反应过程中的单体转化率、聚合物分子量、分子量分布等信息,证明聚合反应是可控的活性聚合.在聚合反应中,通过调控聚合反应概率、链段与溶剂之间的相容性等参数,观察到诱导组装形成的球状和柱状胶束.模拟研究验证了实验中观察到的聚合诱导自组装现象,揭示了聚合诱导自组装的动力学过程.研究结果证明,文中所建立的单格点Monte Carlo模拟方法,可以应用于研究聚合诱导高分子自组装相行为.     

Monte Carlo模拟研究自由基调聚反应动力学过程

通过在粗粒化模型中引入聚合反应机制,探讨自由基聚合反应动力学的Monte Carlo模拟方法,研究自由基调聚反应的动力学过程.通过改变链转移剂的浓度、活性和加入时间,系统考察各反应条件对聚合反应动力学和聚合产物组成的影响.模拟研究发现,链转移剂的浓度和活性对聚合反应速率影响较弱;链转移剂的浓度和加入时间对单官能度聚合产物的影响较明显;双官能度聚合产物受链转移剂浓度和活性影响较强.模拟研究有助于设计聚合反应体系和分析聚合产物组成,具有重要的理论和应用价值.     

三元自缩合乙烯基聚合体系回转半径的Monte Carol模拟

利用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了三元自缩合乙烯基聚合反应中超支化高分子的二次回转半径在反应过程中的变化情况.在模拟中,重点考察了2类活性基团的反应活性、引发单体的数量分数、引发核的配比及其官能团数等对超支化高分子二次回转半径的影响.结果表明,这些因素对2类超支化高分子的尺度有着显著影响,因而可以通过调节相应的反应参数对超支化高分子的结构和平均尺度等相关特征予以调控.     

嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法研究了嵌段共聚物ABA/均聚物B共混体系在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为.模拟结果表明,在保证高分子浓度一定的情况下,改变均聚物的含量对于自组装所形成的胶束形貌结构有很大影响.当均聚物含量增大到一定程度,体系最终得到大的球状胶束.     

两亲性梳形高分子在油水界面自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用三维Monte Carlo技术模拟了两亲性梳形高分子在油水界面的自组装行为，用三维立体显示观察了所形成的自组装微相结合，统计了自组装过程体系自由能的变化。结果表明：两亲性梳形高分子可以油水界面自组装成球状，管状，双连续结构及层状结构；自组装结构的形成与体系特定热力学状态有关；主链亲水型梳形高分子与主链亲油型梳形高分子将表现出不同的自组装结构选择性。     

探究环状拓扑结构在聚合诱导自组装中的影响（英文）

近些年,聚合诱导自组装得到了广泛的关注,但使用环状聚合物作为聚合诱导自组装的大分子链转移剂的研究还尚未报道。为此,本文合成了环状和线形两种聚乙二醇大分子链转移剂,分别以甲基丙烯酸苄酯和2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯为单体进行可逆加成断裂链转移分散聚合,研究了拓扑结构对聚合动力学和嵌段聚合物组装体形貌转变的影响。研究发现,环状拓扑结构可以延长聚合诱导自组装过程的成核期,同时嵌段聚合物组装体的形貌转变也会被延迟,这可能是由于环状聚乙二醇具有更好的溶解性。     

用杂化粒子场分子动力学模拟嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装

用杂化粒子场分子动力学模拟方法模拟大体系（约56 nm）长时间(100 μs)的嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装, 以避免小体系的有限尺寸效应. 通过调控嵌段共聚物中的嵌段数目、 嵌段比例及嵌段间的相互作用参数, 获得两嵌段共聚物和三嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装结构. 结果表明, 模拟结果与自洽场理论、 Monte Carlo方法、 耗散粒子动力学方法的模拟结果一致.     

用杂化粒子场分子动力学模拟嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装

用杂化粒子场分子动力学模拟方法模拟大体系（约56 nm）长时间(100 μs)的嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装, 以避免小体系的有限尺寸效应. 通过调控嵌段共聚物中的嵌段数目、 嵌段比例及嵌段间的相互作用参数, 获得两嵌段共聚物和三嵌段共聚物在本体中的自组装结构. 结果表明, 模拟结果与自洽场理论、 Monte Carlo方法、 耗散粒子动力学方法的模拟结果一致.     

原位聚合/原位增容法制备PPO/PPO-g-PA6/PA6共混物的动力学研究

通过原位聚合与原位增容同步实施的方法制备PPO/PPO-g-PA6/PA6纳米共混物.在此基础上,对PPO介质中己内酰胺（CL）的聚合动力学的各种影响因素进行探讨.发现引发剂含量、小分子活化剂含量以及大分子活化剂活性点数目对聚合反应速度是有利于CL聚合的正效应,而PPO含量增加,使体系黏度增大,对CL聚合反应速度是不利于CL聚合的负效应.大分子活化剂的存在影响中后期的聚合反应速度.     

以NaNO2/FeSO4·7H2O控制苯乙烯活性自由基聚合的研究

研究了NaNO2/FeSO4*7H2O存在下苯乙烯的活性自由基聚合.发现亚硝酸钠与硫酸亚铁反应生成的NO能够与AIBN裂解的自由基,生成氧氮自由基,且能控制苯乙烯的自由基聚合.当AIBN/NaNO2/FeSO4*7H2O的摩尔比为1/2.5/2.5时,得到分子量分布较窄,分子量在5万以下可控的聚合物,实测分子量与理论分子量相近.聚合过程中转化率随反应时间增长而增高,分子量随转化率增高而增大,具有典型活性自由基聚合的特征.经纯化后的聚苯乙烯可作为大分子引发剂,引发新加入单体的聚合,证明是活的高分子.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.