溢洪道贴角斜挑坎挑流水舌水力特性研究

溢洪道出口挑坎体型的设计会依据工程的需求而有所不同.通过模型试验和数值模拟结合的方法,将常规的斜切式挑坎与加贴角的斜切式挑坎的水舌形态、水舌挑距、挑高、水舌及下游紊动能和紊动能耗散率进行比较分析,得出了加贴角后斜挑体型的新的特征.对于狭窄河道大交角溢洪道,加贴角斜切式挑坎能够使挑流翻转偏向一侧,有利于挑流的归槽,减小了入水宽度和对单侧岸坡的冲刷,且挑流在空中运动时紊动剧烈,砸落水垫时紊动能耗散迅速,有利于下游消能防冲.     

低水头缓坡溢洪道挑坎体型优化试验研究

某低水头电站因工程需要采用的缓坡溢洪道挑流消能效果不理想,对右岸岸坡和河床冲刷较为严重.试验研究了两种挑坎体型下出坎水舌形态、落水点及对下游河床的冲刷,推荐采用的差动坎方案能使水流纵向扩散更充分,减轻水流对下游的冲刷,消能效果显著.论文对该类工程泄洪消能设施布置原则进行了总结,对类似工程有借鉴意义.     

掺气减蚀槽的消能效果

试验证明设掺气槽后消能作用增加主要表现在：增加泄流沿程消能效果，降低挑流出口流速系数 值，挑距缩短，增加空中扩散消能作用，挑流水舌入池尺度加大，入池水流的能量集度减小。并首次提出了设掺气槽后消能作用增强的计算公式。     

威远江水电站溢洪道挑流鼻坎数值模拟优化研究

针对威远江水电站岸边式溢洪道挑流消能存在的问题,采用RNGk~ε双方程模型模拟湍流,利用流体体积分数法(VOF)确定自由水面线,采用非结构网格与自适应局部网格加密的方法,成功地对溢洪道挑流鼻坎挑流进行了三维紊流数值模拟,并利用数值模拟方法对挑流鼻坎的修改方案进行了研究,并经过计算提出了较优方案,并经试验验证得到较好的效果,为威远江水电站设计与优化提供了可靠的设计依据.     

兰督水利枢纽溢洪道挑流鼻坎体型试验研究

兰督水利枢纽溢洪道泄洪的水流与河道正交、顶冲回流、消能防冲等问题较为突出，本文在理论计算的基础上，通过水工模型试验优化、检验、设计出较完整的扩散扭曲挑流鼻坎体型，与原设计的单侧平面扩散舌形挑流鼻坎体型相比，坎后水流流态及消能效果有了很大的改善。     

高扩散低收缩差动坎高坎空中挑射水舌运动特性

采用k~ε双方程紊流模型,对高扩散低收缩差动式挑坎空中挑射水舌进行了三维数值模拟,给出了扩散高坎空中挑射水舌的扩散规律、流速分布等结果,并与连续式挑坎空中挑射水舌运动特性进行对比分析,二者趋势吻合很好.结果表明:扩散高坎水舌沿程空中垂向扩散规律满足线性分布,其扩散厚度比连续式挑坎小;扩散高坎水舌截面速度分布规律与连续式挑坎相似,均近似符合正态分布,但速度沿水深方向较连续式分布更均匀.     

狭窄河谷斜对流挑流的初步研究

一、前言挑流消能因其简单、经济,采用日益广泛。狭窄河谷地区泄水建筑物采用挑流消能,应防止挑出水舌跌落在狭谷两岸,以免造成岸坡坍塌,影响建筑物安全或造成河床堵塞。狭窄河谷挑流消能较理想的方式之一是:挑出水舌在平面上向河谷轴线收缩,且沿河谷纵向扩散,并挑离建筑物相当距离,能够在过河谷轴线的垂直平面(简称对称面)上相互碰撞就更为理想。为此笔者在研究了鼻坎水流转向原理的基础上(见资料4),提出在泄水建筑物末端,布置适当的变向鼻坎,就可以得到符合上述理想要求的斜对流挑流。     

台阶式溢洪道水力特性计算方法分析

提出单纯台阶式溢洪道的水力设计方法。对比分析了台阶式溢洪道的水流流态、自掺气发生点以及消能效果,推荐Yasuda公式作为滑行水流和跌落水流界限的判别式,提出了自掺气发生点和消能率的统一计算公式,给出了台阶段水面线的计算方法。所得成果可以作为单纯台阶式溢洪道的工程设计参考。     

溢洪道除险加固设计中存在的问题及解决方案

针对病险水库溢洪道加固设计,从过流能力、边墙与底板稳定和消能设施等方面分析了原溢洪道隐患的原因。提出进水口拆除改造、边墙加高和下游改建挑流鼻坎等相应加固方案。     

泄洪洞出口扭曲斜切挑坎挑流数值模拟

采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型与VOF多相模型对扭曲斜切型挑坎进行水气两相流三维数值模拟,模拟了挑流水舌的空中形态,水舌挑距,水舌挑高,以及水舌速度分布、湍动能k与湍动能耗散率ε的分布情况.数值模拟成果与模型试验观测数据吻合良好,验证了该数值模拟方法的可靠性和合理性,可以为工程优化设计提供科学依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-