气固两相混合层卷起过程的直接数值模拟

在设定混合层卷起过程的流场初始条件下,应用拟谱方法和Lagrange方法对时间模式的两相湍流混合层进行了直接数值模拟,求解流场的瞬态涡量场和颗粒场,分析流场不同类型涡结构的拟序特征,定性研究不同大小的颗粒在混合层中受流场涡结构的影响,描述了不同Stokes数颗粒的扩散规律和浓度分布.     

局部富氧喷煤直吹管内气—固两相流动及传热数值模拟

以气－固两相的动量、热量、物质守衡为基础,用多流体模型描述气体和颗粒两相的运动,用气相湍流模型和颗粒湍流代数模型分别描述了气相和颗粒相的湍流特性,建立了高炉局部富氧喷煤直吹管内气－固两相流动及传热的数学模型。数值模拟了９种工况下的气相流场、温度场以及煤粉颗粒相的速度场、浓度场和温度场,并研究了富氧率、风温、固气化、插枪角度等喷吹参数对各种场量的影响。数值模拟结果与实测值符合良好。     

存在温差的气体-颗粒两相流实验研究

为研究气体-颗粒两相流中温度梯度对流场特性的影响,采用三维粒子动态分析仪(particle dynamics analyzer, PDA)测量了水平管中颗粒的大小、速度和脉动速度之值.实验选用粒径小于100 μm的玻璃微珠,实验段中颗粒的体积分数约为10-4.通过PDA数据分析系统对小于2 μm和 48～52 μm颗粒的运动参数进行了分析,以小于2 μm颗粒作为两相中的气相参数.结果表明,在气粒两相流主流与壁面间存在温差时,两相流场的湍流强度和湍动能增加而横向速度减小,且在近壁区,湍流强度、湍动能和横向速度受温度场的影响更加显著.     

气粒湍流流动中考虑重力时颗粒的扩散

对气固两相后台阶流动,利用大涡模拟方法模拟气相场,轨道法模拟颗粒相运动。计算中气相亚格子模式(SGS)采用了标准的Smagorinsky模式。不考虑重力条件,研究了不同入口滑移条件下颗粒的扩散行为,表明颗粒扩散行为与连续相大涡运动行为存在差异。在此基础上深入研究了考虑重力条件时颗粒在流场中的扩散行为。该文工作为在细观框架下进一步研究气固两相相互作用奠定了基础。     

平面射流及平面射流火焰中拟序结构的实验研究

在设计和组建了二维平面射流及平面射流燃烧实验系统的基础上 ,对二维平面湍射流流场及平面湍射流燃烧场进行了流场显示实验研究。实验采用烟雾作为示踪粒子 ,由 He- Ne气体激光器产生的激光束经柱面镜后形成片光源实现对流场的照明。实验给出了不同射流伴流速度比下二维平面湍射流的流场显示图像 ,不同的射流发展阶段流场中的大尺度湍流拟序结构的形态及其发展演变情况以及射流燃烧场中湍流拟序结构的形态。实验同时表明 ,在射流燃烧情况下 ,火焰的存在使喷嘴出口处的流动层流化 ,并显著降低初始剪切层的增长     

湍流分离流中颗粒的扩散机制

后台阶流动包含分离流重要的流动特性, 采取欧拉-拉格朗日耦合算法对后台阶分离流动中颗粒扩散运动进行数值研究. 气相场采取大涡模拟方法, 亚格子模式基于标准的Smagorinsky 模式, 颗粒相运动采取轨道法模拟. 计算所得气相的流向平均速度和平均脉动速度与实验结果吻合较好, 验证了模型和方法的正确性. 基于此, 数值分析后台阶两相流动的特性以及流场涡结构的发展和演化过程. 结果表明: 两相流中颗粒的扩散特性既受到颗粒粒径的影响, 又与颗粒和涡结构的相互作用时间有关. 后台阶流场中增加结构物时, 流场涡结构发生变化, 即与扰动源保持一定距离后, 涡数量增多, 流场中颗粒分布不均匀, 较多颗粒聚集在涡的外缘.     

两相流中颗粒相对湍流动能修正的模型及其应用

讨论了两相流中颗粒相对湍流动能及其耗散率的影响．通过单个颗粒在流场中运动的分析,推导出由颗粒引起的湍流动能的耗散,并和由颗粒后的尾流及涡的脱落引起的湍流动能的增加一起加入ｋε方程中,将此模型应用到竖直圆管中的气粒两相流的计算, 并与实验结果进行比较,发现本文的模型比文献［１］ 的模型有一定的改进．     

一种改进的漂移系数模型及其应用研究

对轴对称突扩通道内气粒两相湍流进行了数值模拟研究，其中对气相场采用常用的二阶矩模型，对颗粒相采用了PDF模型，在此基础上给出了一种改进的漂移系数模型，用所给出的封闭模型进行了数值计算，并与实验结果以及未采用改进模型的PDF模拟结果进行了对比，结果表明改进模型能够更准确地预报颗粒脉动，改进的漂移系数模型很好地反映了颗粒运动的各向异性．     

联合收获机惯性分离室内气固两相流数值模拟

利用Fluent软件中K-ε湍流模型和离散相模型对4ZTL-1800气吸式联合收获机惯性分离室气固两相流特征进行数值模拟计算分析．从流体动力学和湍流理论出发建立了气相湍流模型，根据牛顿第二定律建立了固相数学模型．通过建立的模型和边界条件模拟气体流动，利用双向耦合拉格朗日法追踪颗粒运动轨迹．通过数值计算，得到气流场压力分布规律以及颗粒相运动轨迹及其沉降和分离过程．研究结果为进一步改善惯性分离室内流场的分布规律，提高籽粒的沉降效率，减少气流的携带损失提供了依据．     

气固两相自由射流燃烧的数值模拟

采用修正的k—ε湍流模型，利用k-ε-kp气固两相模型和EBU—Arrhenius燃烧模型模拟了不同工况下煤粉气固两相自由射流燃烧的过程。在SIMPLE计算程序的基础上编制了计算气固燃烧程序。由冷态气相场开始，计算了冷态颗粒场，热态气相场和热态颗粒场，其中包括了两相间的耦合及迭代过程。对冷态和热态气相和颗粒相湍动能进行了比较。模拟结果表明，为保证燃烧的充分进行，在一定的颗粒浓度下，应保证自由射流的入口速度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-