非规则颗粒与滚筒球磨机相互作用的离散元–有限元耦合分析

非规则颗粒形态显著影响球磨机中颗粒材料的运动行为，同时对球磨机结构产生不同的力学响应。采用超二次曲面方程描述非规则颗粒材料，并发展了离散元（discrete element method,DEM）–有限元（finite element method, FEM）耦合算法以分析非规则颗粒材料与滚筒球磨机间的相互作用。在该算法中，滚筒球磨机被划分为一系列四边形单元，并且超二次曲面颗粒与球磨机间的接触判断可转化为超二次曲面颗粒与四边形单元间的接触判断。将计算得到的碰撞力向节点插值，该节点力作为载荷条件在有限元中进行隐式动力学求解，并通过求解颗粒运动方程和有限元动力方程实现颗粒运动更新和结构力学响应分析。进一步分析了滚筒球磨机中球体、圆柱体和立方体颗粒材料的运动行为以及滚筒球磨机的变形及应力分布规律。研究结果表明：颗粒形状显著影响球磨机研磨效果和球磨机结构位移；立方体颗粒具有最好的研磨效果，而圆柱体颗粒比球体颗粒具有更好的研磨效果；在结构位移上，立方体颗粒有最大的峰值位移，其次是圆柱体和球体颗粒；相比于规则的球体颗粒，超二次曲面颗粒有不规则的表面形状，这会导致更好的研磨效果和更大的结构位移。     

基底材料对嵌入型Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒的应变场影响

埋嵌型纳米颗粒在生长的过程中会受到周围基质材料对其施加的应力作用,应力的大小不仅会对纳米颗粒的晶格结构和物理性能产生影响,还与纳米颗粒的尺寸大小息息相关.因此,研究埋嵌在不同薄膜材料中的纳米颗粒生长过程中的应变场分布对于调控纳米颗粒的物理性能有着重要的意义.该文利用脉冲激光沉积和快速退火技术成功地制备了分别镶嵌在非晶氧化铝薄膜、非晶氧化镥薄膜和非晶二氧化硅薄膜中的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒,并利用透射电子显微镜观察这些球形纳米颗粒.为了研究纳米颗粒的尺寸与应力大小之间的关系,采用有限元算法分别模拟仿真了这些纳米颗粒的应变场分布,并对结果进行了系统的分析.研究发现:Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒在不同薄膜材料生长过程中均受到非均匀偏应变作用,而且纳米颗粒的尺寸及应变场分布与纳米颗粒周围基质材料的杨氏模量和泊松比密切相关.在不同基质材料中生长的纳米颗粒所受到的应变场分布也有所不同,这为调控纳米颗粒的晶格结构和形貌以及物理性能提供了一个新思路.     

活性炭材料的孔径结构对SO_2吸附性能的影响

为了研究在常温下活性炭材料孔径结构及材料形态对SO2吸附性能的影响,以5种不同孔径结构的沥青基活性炭纤维及活性炭颗粒为材料,通过吸附动力学模型的拟合,考查了活性炭孔径结构及材料形态与SO2吸附速率的关系.结果表明:较小的微孔径结构更有利于SO2的吸附;不同孔径结构的活性炭材料对SO2的吸附均符合Bangham动力学过程,活性炭纤维的吸附速率随孔径的增大而增大;活性炭颗粒因其形态结构的差异,吸附速度较活性炭纤维慢,吸附效果相对较差.     

具有复合结构颗粒的介电相互作用

讨论了电流变液分散相固体颗粒采取分层复合结构时可能对电流变效应产生的影响．分析过程基于介电极化理论．给出了电场作用下具有复合结构颗粒间的结合能、失配参数的解析表达式，分析了固体颗粒各层的材料性质、厚度、介电常数等因素变化对颗粒间结合能的影响．讨论显示：尽管复合结构颗粒的电流变液具有较为复杂的失配参数表达式，但与单一结构颗粒的电流变液相比，两者在颗粒间结合能的表现上十分类似，提示了以改善电流变效应为目的而采用复合结构固体颗粒作为分散相的建议缺乏理论依据．同时还发现，颗粒外覆层厚度的变化随介电常数的不同、对颗粒间结合能的影响具有正、逆两种效应．     

影响碳化物硬质颗粒堆焊材料耐磨性的冶金因素

对含有不同碳化物硬质颗粒的几种堆焊材料进行了宏观硬度及显微硬度测定，分析了堆焊材料的显微组织和相结构，并在不同的磨损条件下测定了堆焊材料的耐磨性。研究结果表明，堆焊材料中碳化物硬质颗粒类型、数量、尺寸以及基体金属的成分、显微组织和性能等各方面均会明显影响堆焊材料的耐磨性。     

纳米材料的现状及发展

介绍了纳米材料的研究现状及特点。对纳米组装材料、纳米结构材料、纳米添加材料、纳米涂层材料和纳米颗粒的表面修饰和包覆等纳米材料的研究进行了评述，并对纳米材料的发展提出展望。     

CWBP与CWCPM对水泥基材料微观结构与性能的影响

为开辟建筑垃圾废砖再生利用新途径,将建筑垃圾废砖磨细成粉,即建筑垃圾砖粉(CWBP),与其他工业废渣复合形成建筑垃圾复合粉体材料(CWCPM).借助XRD,DSC-TG,SEM及MIP微观测试手段,研究了CWBP与CWCPM对水泥基材料水化产物数量、微观形貌及其孔结构的影响.研究结果表明:CWBP颗粒级配及形貌较差,活性较低;CWCPM可充分发挥各组成材料间的叠加效应,粒径较小的颗粒可填充于水泥颗粒间,有利于胶凝体系形成紧密堆积结构;CWCPM的二次水化反应降低了取向性较强、稳定性较差的Ca(OH)2含量,改善了水泥基材料内部微观形貌,细化了混凝土孔结构,可有效改善混凝土孔径分布.     

考虑多尺度孔隙耦合效应的非饱和膨胀土本构模型

颗粒型膨润土材料具有颗粒间孔隙、集合体间孔隙和集合体内孔隙等多尺度孔隙结构特征，传统非饱和膨胀土双孔模型（BExM）难以准确描述其宏观力学行为。在现有BExM模型的理论框架基础上，从颗粒型膨润土材料的三重孔隙结构出发，通过双加载屈服面方程和宏微观耦合效应函数表征膨润土颗粒混合物的多尺度孔隙弹塑性变形行为及其相互耦合关系。通过对比试验数据与模型模拟结果发现，模型可较好地描述非饱和颗粒型膨润土材料的膨胀力特征、膨胀变形特征以及宏微观孔隙结构演化规律。     

尖晶石结构氧化物材料的制备及红外光谱研究

以铜、铁、锰的氧化物和Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,在1150℃的温度下采用固态反应法,制备了尖晶石结构为主相的氧化物材料,研究了处理温度、厚度、配比、颗粒度等对红外发射率的影响.材料的高温红外发射率可能归因于氧化物材料的尖晶石结构.     

锂离子电池锡氧化物基负极材料的软化学合成

采用新兴的软化学方法合成了锡氧化物基粉末材料.用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学方法对材料的微观结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明：锡氧化物基材料的颗粒的平均粒径约为200 nm，颗粒之间形成了类似中孔材料的相互连接的网状结构.这种材料的可逆充电容量超过570 mAh/g，30次循环后平均每次循环的容量衰减只有0.15%.良好的电化学性能表明锡氧化物基材料有望作为新一代锂离子电池的负极材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.