有限元法计算开洞连续墙梁的内应力

对广泛应用的开洞连续墙梁，运用有限元方法，通过对比，分析了居中开洞、偏开洞和无洞口情况的内力、应力分布以及变化规律，计算开洞口连续墙梁与托粱之间的相互作用力及其内部应力的分布情况，得到了与实验一致的结果，为开洞口墙梁的设计提供较精确的理论依据．     

考虑开洞影响的砌体结构房屋地震易损性分析

为分析不同底层开洞横墙数量(比例)对结构抗地震倒塌性能的影响,从单个墙片、层间墙片及整个结构三层次进行分析,逐步完成房屋抗地震倒塌易损性分析.在基于已有试验结果验证数值模拟参数及结果可靠的基础上,首先利用ABAQUS对单片墙体模型进行模拟分析,得到各墙片荷载-位移曲线;然后将每层所有抗震横墙的荷载-位移曲线拟合后叠加得到层间恢复力模型,并简化为三折线恢复力模型;最后采用层间剪切简化三折线模型和50%分位值增量动力分析(IDA)曲线进行4种不同横墙开洞数量(比例)模型的地震易损性分析.结果表明:随着底层开洞横墙数量比例的增加,结构的抗倒塌性能降低,并在相同性能点下其能承受的地面峰值加速度和最大层间位移角减小;开洞横墙比例小于50%且处在低于9.0度设防烈度下的房屋结构基本满足"大震不倒"的设防水准;为保证结构具有良好的抗震性能,应严格控制抗震横墙开洞数量(比例).     

砌体墙抗震性能伪静力试验研究

考虑了砂浆强度等级、开洞率和高宽比3种因素,对3层砌体房屋的底层墙进行抗震性能的伪静力试验.分析了破坏形态、滞回耗能、抗震承载力、刚度退化和墙体侧移情况.结果表明,砂浆强度等级和高宽比对破坏形态的影响类似,而开洞率稍有不同;砂浆强度等级愈低、开洞率愈大或高宽比愈大时,墙体的耗能能力及抗震承载力愈小,其中开洞率的影响更为显著.开裂前,各因素下刚度退化均较快,且趋势一致;开裂后,开洞率大的试件刚度退化最快;达到极限荷载时,各因素下的刚度退化较大,为初始刚度的20%左右.开裂后,开洞率大的墙肢薄弱,墙高方向的侧移分布曲线明显外凸.     

现浇磷石膏-混凝土网格式框架组合墙平面外偏心受压试验研究

为研究现浇磷石膏-混凝土网格式框架组合墙的平面外偏心受压性能,按1/3缩尺比例制作4组试件进行偏心距为40 mm的竖向加载试验,每组试件均含2榀组合墙和1榀网格式框架。结果表明:试件的楼层梁先于层间梁开裂,中柱先于边柱被压溃,试件破坏时,组合墙上可见明显的现浇磷石膏崩塌现象;组合墙开洞对结构承载力有明显影响,未开洞组合墙的承载力约为网格式框架承载力的1.5倍,而开洞组合墙的承载力与网格式框架的承载力相当;现浇磷石膏可以有效分担结构的竖向偏心荷载,在同级偏心竖向荷载作用下,组合墙中混凝土构件的压应力明显低于纯网格式框架构件的压应力;弹性有限元分析的应力结果与试件开裂前的应力测试结果误差较小,明显表明现浇磷石膏的强度贡献作用。     

箱形基础在高层建筑中的应用

结合某工程实例，介绍了箱基的平面配置，纵横墙布置，箱基开洞等问题，以供同类工程参考。     

单跨简支开洞墙梁内力计算方法的研究

根据墙梁有限元程度计算结果，分析了洞口宽度和洞口位置对托梁最大内力的影响，并提出开洞简支墙梁托梁内力计算的建议公式。     

砌体结构地震倒塌过程仿真及抗倒塌影响因素

在强震中砌体房屋易倒塌,为了对其倒塌过程仿真及对影响结构倒塌的因素进行分析,采用显式动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对某结构模型进行倒塌过程仿真;同时分析了构造柱、砂浆强度、开洞率、块体密度以及窗间墙与窗下墙的刚度比等因素对砌体结构抗倒塌性能的影响。结果表明:在地震作用下,由于门窗洞口处易出现应力集中,故门窗洞口四角处先发生破坏;构造柱可以提高砌体结构的变形能力和整体性;一定程度上,砂浆强度越高,结构越难倒;墙体开洞率越大,越容易倒塌;块体强度一定时,密度相对较小有利于抗倒塌;当窗间墙与窗下墙的刚度比小于1.0时,窗间墙先于窗下墙破坏,窗间墙的破坏会加速结构的倒塌。     

无粘结预应力开洞平板的试验和有限元分析

现代建筑辅助设施常常需要从楼板中开洞穿过，楼板开洞后，力学性能会发生变化．作者在三块无粘结预应力开洞平板的试验基础上，通过与未开孔板的比较，对预应力平板开洞前后、有无预应力以及边界条件改变后的内力变化等问题进行了分析论述．采用有限元计算的方法与试验进行对比，计算结果与试验结果较吻合．在正确的计算模型的基础上，对预应力平板的内力及变形受开洞的影响进行了进一步的分析．得到的计算结果对无粘结预应力开洞板的工程设计和配筋有一定的应用和参考价值．     

开洞外墙对工字型平面高层住宅剪力墙结构抗震性能的影响研究

主要针对开洞外墙对工字型平面高层住宅剪力墙结构抗震性能的影响进行研究.首先,借助于结构分析软件YJK论证所选结构方案的合理性;其次,根据平面不同部位墙肢所分担的水平地震剪力比例以及结构周期比的变化规律,分析不同部位墙肢尤其是开洞外墙对结构抗震性能的影响.研究表明,开洞外墙对整体结构抗侧刚度及抗扭刚度贡献明显,而且在同等抗侧刚度条件下,应适度加大开洞外墙的横截面积以提高该类结构的抗震性能.     

复杂应力构件多荷载工况下的配筋优化

遗传演化结构优化算法自提出以来,研究主要针对单荷载工况的情形,研究成果对于指导实际工程设计存在缺陷.为了满足工程应用的需求,本文以ANSYS有限元软件的非线性分析为平台,选用solid65单元和link10单元分别模拟混凝土单元和钢筋单元,将分离式模型遗传演化结构优化推广到复杂应力构件多荷载工况下的配筋优化.通过选用开洞深梁和开洞剪力墙作为数值算例以验证,分离式模型遗传演化结构优化可以综合考虑多个荷载工况的影响,减少人为因素的干扰,直观地计算出钢筋配置方案,很好地完成复杂应力构件在多荷载工况下的配筋优化设计,所得的结果符合受力机理,且不会使钢筋过度集中,还因为提高了钢筋的利用效率,所以相比弹性应力设计方法节省了用钢量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to