改进的G矩阵模型法在全极化综合孔径辐射计中的应用

反演成像是综合孔径微波辐射计的一项关键内容,但反演过程是欠定的,不能提供一个确定解. 针对综合孔径辐射计中常用反演算法: G 矩阵模型法存在较大反演误差的问题,提出了一种改进的 G 矩阵模型法应用于FPIR系统中. 仿真结果表明,与传统的 G 矩阵模型法相比,改进的 G 矩阵模型法能有效地降低FPIR系统图像反演误差,以获取高精确度的观测场景的亮温分布满足FPIR系统探测海面风场、土壤湿度等应用需求.      

全极化综合孔径微波辐射计全极化亮温的重构

为了获取全极化信息和降低重构误差,提出了一种改进的全极化重构算法应用于全极化综合孔径微波辐射计,并分析了交叉极化对全极化亮温各分量的影响程度.仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,改进的全极化重构算法能够有效降低图像重构误差,获取高精确度的全极化亮温数据以满足测量土壤湿度、海表面盐度、海表面风矢量等应用需求.      

SAR图像中极化散射指数和信息熵及其地表识别应用

对于合成孔径雷达(SAR)全极化散射测量与成像,推导了相干矩阵的特征值及其信息熵与同极化、交叉极化指数测量值的直接关系.从而将Mueller矩阵解、信息熵和两个极化指数组合在一起,对SAR图像作定量评估.这一理论方法应用于机载SAR图像和地面车载散射计测量数据的研究.     

遥感资料反演海面风场的新方法研究

本文对应用SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar）图像反演海面风场方法进行了阐述,并对三种反演模式进行仿真总结。首先介绍SAR图像风场反演的的物理机制,接着介绍风场反演的地球物理模式函数（Geophysical Model Function,GMF）,并对CMOD4、CMOD-IFR2和CMOD5三种模式进行仿真,得到雷达后向散射系数和风速、风向、入射角、极化方式的关系。特别对两个较新的极化比模式进行了介绍和分析。此外对当前应用美国CALIPSO激光雷达卫星资料验证海面风场的方法进行了阐述和探索。     

星载全极化SAR观测P波段Faraday旋转效应分析与消除

地面植被下层与次地表层的星载微波遥感要求低频波段(如P波段)的合成孔径雷达(SAR)探测,但低频P波段将受到电离层Faraday旋转(FR,Faraday rotation)效应的显著影响.文中分析FR后的P波段全极化测量不可以直接用于地表分类,但证明了由FR后的全极化测量推导无FR的全极化数据时存在的±π/2模糊误差并不影响地表分类参数u,v,H,α的计算,因此可以从全极化测量经无FR效应转换后形成的u,v,H,α进行地表分类;进一步地,根据FR角度随地理位置的变化不会突变,提出一种可消除±π/2模糊误差的方法,而完成FR后全极化测量反演无FR的全极化数据.     

三江源地区卫星被动微波遥感特性的初步分析

微波可以穿透云层,可以全天候监测目标区域,还可以比较有效地分辨水体、植被、冰雪和荒漠等。因此,微波遥感资料是研究地表类型众多的三江源地区的有效手段。全球第一个星载全极化微波辐射计WindSat测量的第3和第4个Stokes参数T3和T4,作为前所未有被卫星传感器大面积、长时间序列测量的亮温,为三江源地表目标的探测研究提供了新的工具和方法。仅使用垂直和水平极化亮温TV和TH,会将小面积水体和沼泽误识别成荒漠。结合WindSat辐射计所测量的4个Stokes参数,可以较好地分辨三江源地区的典型目标,例如雪山、湖泊和荒漠等,有利于消除由于地表目标识别错误导致的土壤湿度研究可能存在的潜在误差。TV,TV-TH,MPDI(MPDI=(TV-TH)/(TV TH))以及T3等值线的走向基本体现出西南东北走向,这与该区域植被分布自东南向西北为针叶林、高山草甸草原、干旱草原及荒漠的特点密切相关。冰雪融化和凝结,以及植被的生长和消亡,使得该区域微波辐射的季节性变化显著。前视和后视垂直极化亮温TV及T3的差值表明,该区域的微波辐射随观测方位角的变化是,雪山积雪冰川和湖区的辐射方向性较强,而植被和荒漠的辐射方向性较弱。     

极化雷达的同时全极化测量与校准技术

 针对传统同时全极化测量技术中存在的极化测量误差问题,介绍了基于模糊函数矩阵的同时全极化测量新方法,有效地消除了因发射信号非正交性引入的测量误差,并给出了相应的信号处理流程;针对传统极化校准技术实施难度高、校准精度差等问题,给出了基于单个金属球定标体的极化校准新方法;基于瞬态极化雷达实验系统(KD-IPR)开展的外场试验对上述方法进行了验证.     

基于微波辐射计的大气温湿廓线遥感探测

利用2010年1-6月甘肃省榆中站(52983)逐日的探空资料和兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(SACOL)的地基微波辐射计反演资料,对榆中所在的半干旱地区大气的温度和相对湿度的垂直分布特征进行了分析.通过对比探空资料,讨论了微波辐射计的探测性能和反演效果,并对2013年1-3月微波辐射计反演的温度进行了偏差订正.结果表明微波辐射计反演资料与探空资料反映的温湿垂直分布趋势基本一致,温度的拟合效果优于相对湿度.近地层反演效果较好,温度的相关系数大于0.90,相对湿度的相关系数大于0.80,均通过了显著性水平为0.01的相关性检验.距地2~7km之间,微波辐射计反演的温度小于探空观测值,相对湿度大于探空观测值.温度订正效果显著,但仍存在一定的偏差.     

人工神经网络在星载散射计海面风场反演建模中的应用

地球物理模型函数(GMF)是散射计风场反演的基础及算法有效运行的前提条件。采用传统的统计方法建立GMF往往需要大量的、多种参数条件下的雷达后向散射测量数据。以圆锥扫描散射计SeaWinds为例,根据其特点,建立了一个两种极化方式下统一的神经网络模型函数(NN GMF),并对风速、相对风向采样间隔和测量值数目对模型精度的影响进行了详细分析。通过与Qscat-1模型进行比较,发现该神经网络模型在采样间隔较大或测量值数目较少的情况下,仍能较好地体现SeaWinds散射计的海面后向散射特性。     

宇宙温度计——微波辐射计

任何具有非绝对零度温度的物体都会辐射电磁波,这种天然辐射被称为热辐射。热辐射覆盖了所有波长,其中包括无线电波波段。为了测量热辐射,可以利用灵敏的辐射计。微波辐射计微波辐射计本身是“近视的”,它们只能感受直接靠近“输入端”物体的热辐射。只有在辐射计输入端     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.