中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2×350 MW工程给水泵选型方案

给水泵是汽轮机热力循环中不可缺少的重要设备,该文就中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2×350 MW工程给水泵选型做专题分析、技术经济分析比较。针对350 MW超临界机组2台给水泵运行方式耗用大量厂用电的实际问题,进行了不同工况参数下的电泵出力试验,提出了本工程推荐每台机组设置2×50%汽动给水泵,给水泵汽轮机排汽直冷型式,两台机组设置1台30％启动电动给水泵的优化方案。     

中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2＆#215;350 MW工程给水泵选型方案

给水泵是汽轮机热力循环中不可缺少的重要设备,该文就中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2＆#215;350 MW工程给水泵选型做专题分析、技术经济分析比较。针对350 MW超临界机组2台给水泵运行方式耗用大量厂用电的实际问题,进行了不同工况参数下的电泵出力试验,提出了本工程推荐每台机组设置2＆#215;50%汽动给水泵,给水泵汽轮机排汽直冷型式,两台机组设置1台30％启动电动给水泵的优化方案。     

中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2＆#215;350MW工程输煤系统控尘抑尘设计选型

给水泵是汽轮机热力循环中不可缺少的重要设备,本文就中电投宁夏中卫热电厂2＆#215;350MW工程给水泵选型做专题分析、技术经济分析比较。针对350MW超临界机组2台给水泵运行方式耗用大量厂用电的实际问题,进行了不同工况参数下的电泵出力试验,提出了本工程推荐每台机组设置2＆#215;50%汽动给水泵,给水泵汽轮机排汽直冷型式,两台机组设置1台30％启动电动给水泵的优化方案。     

1000W超超临界二次再热机组火用分析

针对国内某电厂1 000 MW超超临界二次再热机组的火用分布情况进行了研究.利用ASPEN PLUS软件建立机组模型,根据火用平衡方程,计算火用损失和火用效率,确定系统中能量损失的主要部位,为该电厂的运行优化和节能技术改造提供科学依据.研究结果表明:锅炉炉内燃烧火用损最大,其次是炉内换热面;汽轮机火用损主要集中在超高压缸和低压缸;该机组回热加热系统的火用效率较常规机组火用效率高约2.8%;低压缸更低的排汽参数使该机组凝汽器火用损约是常规一次再热机组的50%,能级利用更加合理.     

供热机组中压缸排汽参数的确定方法

将热用户、热网、热网加热器和供热机组作为一个整体系统,以热网加热器为切入点,根据供暖期内室外环境温度的变化,计算热用户所需热负荷和热网加热器水侧参数,根据传热学理论计算热网加热器汽侧所需参数;结合汽轮机特性,根据热电联产系统联合特性,推算供热机组中压缸的排汽参数。建立供热机组中压缸排汽参数的数学模型,进行迭代计算,得到供热机组中压缸排汽参数的精确计算结果。研究结果表明:采用该方法,可准确计算在整个供暖期内满足不同热需求时所需的供热抽汽参数,为热电厂的运行调节起到指导作用;解决了供热机组变工况功率计算中确定第二冷源参数的问题,为供热机组变工况计算提供了条件;用准确的量化数字为热电联产领域的深入研究提供了可靠依据。     

600MW供热机组配汽方式优化研究

皖能合肥发电有限公司#6机组是上海汽轮机厂第一台600MW超临界中间再热,抽汽凝汽式汽轮机,在原先设定的配汽方式下,部分负荷时,轴承温度和轴振均较高,威胁机组的安全运行,尝试通过改变配汽方式来解决这一问题。     

2×350MW级空冷供热机组给水泵选型探讨

针对350MW级空冷供热机组的设计参数及运行条件,对机组给水泵的配置方案和给水泵汽轮机的排汽冷却方案进行了分析与比较。结果表明小汽机直接空冷比间接空冷运行可靠性略高。给水泵配置方案一较方案二初投资低,经济效益突出。因此,采用方案一（1×100%B-MCR汽动给水泵＋1×30%B-MCR启动用电动给水泵）,小汽轮机排汽采用直接空冷运行方案可提高运行经济性。     

DETERMINATION OF DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND WETNESS OF FLOWING STEAM FROM LIGHT EXTINCTION MEASUREMENTS

提出一种新方法，用光全散射测量数据确定流动蒸汽的湿度及水滴分布，并应用于一试验汽轮机的测量结果，计算得到的汽轮机排汽湿度与测功器的结果吻合良好。该法采用线性优化及合理的物理限制条件，可推广应用于光部分散射测量分析。     

电厂优化运行中汽轮机能损相关问题的探讨

在我国对汽轮机运行的经济性开发得较早并应用得较广的是能损分析,指出一些运行参数的偏差对热经济的影响。在优化运行方面有循环水泵的经济调度,机组间的负荷优化分配,低负荷时的运行方式,都取得一些效果。本文通过对电厂优化运行中汽轮机能损问题进行了分析,为优化运行提供依据。     

模拟氢冷汽轮机转子节能改进

结合富拉尔基发电总厂200MW氢冷汽轮机通风道氢气流量分布均匀分析,用计算流体力学FLUENT软件仿真与理想条件下难以实现的工况进行仿真模拟,通过改变各种参数得出最佳改造设计效果,得出影响机组高效运行的因素,避免局部过热超温,降低成本、提高机组的性能及运行的可靠性,达到机组运行节能降耗的目标。     

非注水井抽油机模糊控制节能器的研究

将自学习模糊控制器用于控制抽油机的运行 ,对节能器节能方案、数据采集分析、控制器的模糊自学习、控制器程序设计等进行了研究。该节能器采用模糊机制控制抽油机 ,将抽油机连续抽取方式变成智能化间歇抽取方式 ,当抽油机工作在空捞或半捞状态时自动停止工作。建立了自学习模糊控制模型 ,并根据此模型判断井内流体的蓄积能量是否满足再次连续满抽的条件 ,条件满足时抽油机才会再次启动。此方法可减少抽油机的整体运行时间 ,并为难以控制的模型提供合适的控制方案 ,避免泵空及无效抽汲 ,较大幅度地节约电能。此方法对注水井节电效果不明显 ,在较寒冷地区使用时要调整间歇停井时间 ,以免停井时管线冻住     

Design hardware calculator in PWM peripherals of nios II with verilog HDL

The Plus Width Module (PWM) in microprocessors is commonly used in motor control field. If the ordinary PWM peripherals output PWM waveform, the software must calculate the period and duty cycle number based on the microprocessor’s system clock cycle first, and then write them into the registers. As all known, the microprocessor without hardware calculator consume very long time in multiplication and division. In order to reduce the CPU’s running time, a calculation hardware unit was designed to calculate the waveform parameters. The software only need to write the period (Hz units) to the period register and the duty cycle (% units)to its register. This hardware unit was designed with Verilog HDL and running in the Nios II system successfully.     

分布式直流高压缓冲器的研制

分析各种典型铁磁材料抑制和消耗中性束注入(neutral beam injector,NBI)系统中分布电容故障能量的特性,搭建测试平台利用1:10的短路放电测试实验优选出合适的材料组合,对集中式和分布式缓冲器结构进行仿真分析,推导出适用于80 kV中性束实验用分布式缓冲器设计参数并进行实物研制. 结果表明,所研制的缓冲器可将故障能量抑制在5 J以内.      

Running energetics in the pronghorn antelope

The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) has an alleged top speed of 100 km h-1, second only to the cheetah (Acionyx jubatus) among land vertebrates, a possible response to predation in the exposed habitat of the North American prairie. Unlike cheetahs, however, pronghorn antelope are distance runners rather than sprinters, and can run 11 km in 10 min, an average speed of 65 km h-1. We measured maximum oxygen uptake in pronghorn antelope to distinguish between two potential explanations for this ability: either they have evolved a uniquely high muscular efficiency (low cost of transport) or they can supply oxygen to the muscles at unusually high levels. Because the cost of transport (energy per unit distance covered per unit body mass) varies as a predictable function of body mass among terrestrial vertebrates, we can calculate the predicted cost to maintain speeds of 65 and 100 km h-1 in an average 32-kg animal. The resulting range of predicted values, 3.2-5.1 ml O2 kg-1 s-1, far surpasses the predicted maximum aerobic capacity of a 32-kg mammal (1.5 ml O2 kg-1 s-1). We conclude that their performance is achieved by an extraordinary capacity to consume and process enough oxygen to support a predicted running speed greater than 20 ms-1 (70 km h-1), attained without unique respiratory-system structures.     

联合站能耗分析与系统优化

联合站是油气集输系统的主要组成部分和耗能单元,对其进行系统优化节能降耗从而降低运行成本是十分必要的.以大庆油田掺水系统中某一联合站为研究对象,建立系统能耗平衡模型,对其进行能耗平衡分析,并以最小能耗为目标函数对联合站系统进行优化.研究结果表明通过系统优化改造降低了系统生产运行成本.     

最小耗能原理再讨论

最小耗能原理不能由普利高津的最小熵产生定理拓展而得到,最小耗能原理只适用于非平衡系统的非平衡定态.     

Development of Temperature-Humidity Independent Control Air-Conditioning Unit for Residential Buildings

Cooling panels are increasingly used in domestic residential buildings.To provide medium temper-ature cold water for the cooling panel,and dehumidify the indoor air simultaneously,a new kind of temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning unit was developed for single residential house by utilizing multi-variable technology.First,the supply air temperature was studied to determine the proper supply air flow rate for the humidity control.Then,the energy consumption of different temperature-humidity independent eontrol systems was studied.The analysis indicates that unity evaporating temperature can be used to handle the mois-ture load and sensible heat load in two evaporators.So the unit scheme was put forward.Two evaporators were used to produce medium temperature water and dry air separately,and electric expansion valves were used to control the refrigerant distribution between the two evaporators.Then, experimental work was carried out to in-vestigate the influence of compressor frequency,refrigerant distribution on the dehumidification capacity,energy efficiency and refrigeration capacity.In the end,the paper concludes that both compressor frequency and refrig-erant distribution can control the dehumidification capacity,but the former influences the EER more than the latter.while the latter influences the refrigeration capacity more than the former.We can find a proper running point at certain sensible and latent cooling load by adjusting both compressor frequency and electric expansion.valve.The energy consumption of this kind of unit was estimated and compared with present room air condition-ers,which shows that it can save about 41% cooling energy consumption.     

蒸发器并联双循环冰箱的温度与分时运行控制策略Ⅱ.实验验证

对于海尔HRF-285蒸发器并联双循环冰箱采用基于温度与分时运行控制策略进行了实验验证.结果表明:在突然向冷藏室或冷冻室放入大量食品,或环境温度过高时,该控制策略均能很好地控制冰箱箱内温度,从而验证了该控制策略的有效性;冷藏循环、冷冻循环最大运行时间对于冰箱箱内温度波动有很大影响.对于HRF-285冰箱耗电量的测试表明,采用该控制策略的冰箱耗电量比采用基于温度的冷藏室(冷冻室)优先控制策略的冰箱耗电量大0.99%左右.耗电量的增大主要是冷冻循环、冷藏循环运行次数增多,造成制冷剂迁移次数增多造成的.     

A Power Efficient Aggregation of Encrypted Data in Wireless Sensor Network

0 IntroductionWireless sensor networks ( WSNs) usually consists oflarge number of nodes ,its typical applicationsincludehabitat monitor[1-3],robotic toys[4],target tracking[5], bat-tlefield monitoring[6].Compare totraditional network, WSNhas followingi mportance features :①Due tothe broadcast nature of the transmission medi-umand deployingin unattended and often adversarial environ-ments ,these make information more vulnerable and exposenodesincur physical attack. Whenthe networkis deploye…     

四通换向阀对家用热泵空调系统性能的影响

四通换向阀对热泵系统的热性能和效率会产生一定的影响．只要热泵系统处于运行状态,该性能影响就一直存在．通过搭建的实验台,测定了家用分体式热泵型空调器中四通换向阀的传热、压降和制冷剂泄漏损失的具体值,得出了相应的特性系数;建立了包括四通换向阀在内的热泵系统稳态仿真模型,并经实验验证．通过实例,定量分析了四通换向阀的各种损失对热泵系统热性能和ＣＯＰ所产生的影响．结果表明,四通换向阀使家用热泵系统的ＣＯＰ下降了２．５％左右．通过改进四通换向阀的特性,可减少其对热泵性能的影响,有利于热泵系统的节能．