复合型氨基磺酸系高效减水剂的合成和改性研究

实验合成了氨基磺酸系高效减水剂,同时对产物进行净浆流动度经时损失和砂浆减水率的试验.结果表明该产品对水泥的适应性较好,并能较长时间防止流动度损失,掺量为0.8%时,3h的净浆流动度仍在180mm以上.在已有的氨基磺酸系高效减水剂基础上,引入三种改性剂,经物理复配制成三种复合型氨基磺酸系高效减水剂,实验证明该产品具有掺量小而减水率高的特点,掺量为0.8%时,砂浆减水率达28.0%.     

葡萄糖酸钠对萘系高效减水剂的辅助塑化作用的研究

在总掺量一定的情况下,就萘系高效减水剂与缓凝剂葡萄糖酸钠的复合后对水泥净浆流动度、流动度经时损失等性能的影响作用进行了试验分析,结果表明不同掺量的缓凝组分的相容性不同,复合效应也存在差别。     

复合型氨基磺酸系高效减水剂的合成和改性研究

实验合成了氨基磺酸系高效减水剂，同时对产物进行净浆流动度经时损失和砂浆减水率的试验．结果表明该产品对水泥的适应性较好，并能较长时间防止流动度损失，掺量为0．8％时，3h的净浆流动度仍在180mm以上．在已有的氨基磺酸系高效减水剂基础上，引入三种改性剂，经物理复配制成三种复合型氨基磺酸系高效减水剂，实验证明该产品具有掺量小而减水率高的特点，掺量为0．8％时，砂浆减水率达28．0％．     

聚羧酸减水剂的合成及其掺混水泥浆后的流动性能

采用水溶液自由基共聚的方法合成聚羧酸高效减水剂, 并通过红外光谱确定了聚羧酸高效减水剂的结构, 考察了聚羧酸高效减水剂侧链的长度、
减水剂在水泥中的掺量、 测试温度等对水泥净浆流动度的影响. 结果表明： 长侧链比短侧链的减水剂流动性更好; 减水剂在水泥中的掺量为其质量分数的0.2%; 随测试温度的升高, 水泥净浆流动度反而降低. 将新合成的聚羧酸高效减水剂与国内外常用产品进行比较, 结果显示性质优良.     

萘系高效减水剂和氨基磺酸盐高效减水剂的热复合研究

论文进行了萘系高效减水剂和氨基磺酸盐高效减水剂在一定温度下的热复合研究,进行不同温度下的热复合减水剂水泥净浆流动度和常温复合减水剂净浆流动度性能的对比,由此可知55℃时热复合减水剂的性能远远优于常温复合减水剂。     

酸析木素的接枝磺化改性及减水增强作用

通过接枝反应在酸析木素上引入活性分子链,提高其磺化活性,得到接枝磺化酸析木素;采用红外光谱研究了接枝磺化酸析木素的分子结构,并对其减水增强性能进行了研究.结果表明:接枝磺化酸析木素分子中含有较多的磺酸基和酚羟基,分子中的甲氧基被活性基团所取代,使产物具有更大的活性;接枝磺化酸析木素以70%和60%的用量(占减水剂总掺量的百分数)与木钙复配,可分别得到减水剂MCL1和MCL2,当水灰比为0.28、掺量为0.6%时,掺复配产品的水泥净浆流动度达230mm以上,掺量为0.8%时,掺复配产品的水泥净浆初凝时间延长50~80min,终凝时间延长6~7 h;掺MCL1的砂浆的减水率为25.5%,7天和28天抗压强度比分别为135%和123%,其对水泥的减水增强作用与萘系高效减水剂FDN相当.     

P(AA-co-MA)/PEG聚羧酸减水剂对水泥浆料性能的影响

以自制的P(AA-co-MA)/PEG共聚物作为高效减水剂,研究了该减水剂的掺量对水泥净浆流动性、水泥砂浆减水率、水泥净浆泌水率以及水泥净浆和水泥砂浆的抗压强度等性能的影响。结果表明:与市面上的FDN-A萘系减水剂进行了比较,P(AA-co-MA)/PEG聚羧酸减水剂对水泥净浆或水泥砂浆具有良好的分散能力、保水性能和明显的减水作用,并能显著提高水泥石的抗压强度。     

助磨剂对水泥与减水剂相容性的影响及改善

以净浆流动度作为水泥与减水剂相容性的评价指标,试验研究了多种助磨剂对水泥与萘系减水剂或聚羧酸减水剂相容性的影响规律,探讨了缓凝剂和引气剂对水泥与减水剂相容性的改善作用。结果表明,助磨剂对水泥与萘系减水剂相容性的影响较大,对水泥与聚羧酸减水剂相容性的影响较小。缓凝剂和引气剂均能改善水泥与萘系减水剂的相容性,随其掺加量的增加,改善作用逐渐增大。含缓凝剂/引气剂的复合助磨剂对水泥净浆流动度有一定的改善作用,并延缓水泥的凝结时间。含缓凝剂的复合助磨剂对水泥有增强作用,而含引气剂的复合助磨剂会降低水泥的胶砂强度。     

减水剂掺量对水泥体系性能的影响

实际工程中通常通过外加剂过掺来解决混凝土运输过程中的塌落度损失,但外加剂过掺会对混凝土的早期性能和后期的耐久性能产生很大的影响,针对该问题选用两种实际中常用的高效减水剂进行实验。实验发现,适当掺量的减水剂对水泥性能有益,但外加剂过掺对水泥净浆的流动性能、抗压抗折强度以及收缩产生很大的负面影响。     

聚醚类减水剂的合成及性能

采用自由基共聚的方法将甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚、 2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、 马来酸酐和丙烯酸4种单体合成一系列聚醚类高效减水剂, 并通过红外光谱、 核磁共振氢谱和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)确认产物结构、 分子量及其分布, 探讨单体配比与合成工艺, 考察减水剂的掺量和温度对水泥净浆流动度及减水率的影响,
 比较该减水剂在不同水泥应用中的适应性. 实验结果表明： 该聚醚类高效减水剂分散性较高, 初始与1 h后净浆流动度分别为310,300 mm, 减水率为35%; 在3种水泥应用中均表现优异.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to