316L-20G双金属复合管焊缝组织元素扩散分析

通过对20G钢内衬316L金属复合管的焊缝区、316L基体以及20G钢进行EDS元素扫描,再采用扫描电镜对316L焊缝区、20G钢焊缝区进行线扫描分析,对焊缝组织主要合金元素的扩散进行了研究。结果表明：焊缝过渡层中合金元素被碳钢稀释,碳原子向316L和焊缝扩散,同时316L和焊丝中的合金元素Cr、Ni也向碳钢中渗透,但过渡层起到了良好的隔离作用,致使316L不锈钢金属中合金元素含量没有明显降低,保持了316L母材耐腐蚀性能。     

渗硼板焊接工艺的研究

本文提出了采用６ＩＰ堆焊焊条焊接渗硼板的新工艺。试验表明：采用此工艺得到的焊缝具有良好的抗裂性能，且焊缝以ＨＶ７０４～７９２的硬度与渗硼板（ＨＶ１２９０～１５９０）一起构成了高硬度的耐磨整体。     

镍基高温合金焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性研究

本文研究了合金元素对镍基高温合金焊缝凝固裂纹的影响,表明在凝固裂纹断面上存在Nb,Ti,Mo,Si等元素偏聚的现象。通过对20种高温合金和8个合金元素进行重回归分析,得到了焊缝凝固裂纹敏感性系数P_(sc)。     

旋转磁场对激光焊缝金属显微组织的影响

研究了旋转磁场对激光焊304不锈钢、Al-12Si合金焊缝金属显微组织,以及304不锈钢与Al-12Si合金连接缺陷的影响．研究结果表明：旋转磁场能有效地对激光焊熔池中液态304不锈钢、A1：12Si合金进行搅拌,抑制柱状晶的产生,细化焊缝金属晶粒．磁场的旋转速率越高,对液态的电磁搅拌作用越强,焊缝金属的晶粒越细小、Al-12Si合金共晶组织越均匀．旋转磁场能消除304不锈钢与Al-12Si合金激光焊焊缝金属中的缺陷,提高304不锈钢与Al-12Si合金焊接接头的性能．     

Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接接头的组织和力学性能

针对Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接接头易萌生裂纹的问题,研究了不同氩弧焊工艺对焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响规律.研究表明:不使用填充焊丝的TIG焊不适合Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板焊接,因在焊缝内出现大量显微裂纹;使用工业纯铁焊丝的MIG焊实现了Fe-6.5% Si合金热轧板的良好连接,焊缝表面连续、鱼鳞纹均匀,焊缝内无显微裂纹.稀释硅浓度是改善焊缝区组织和力性的有效方法.优化工艺下的焊接接头在500℃拉伸延伸率5.5%,抗拉强度280 MPa,满足Fe-6.5%Si合金板带制造过程中的温轧工艺要求.     

电镀非晶态Ni-P合金的研究

采用Ni-P合金阳极在Watt型镀液中电镀,获得了高光洁度、高硬度和耐蚀的非晶态Ni-P合金镀层,建立了最佳工艺条件,并研究了温度、电流密度及镀液中H_3PO_4含量等对沉积速度,合金中磷含量,合金硬度等的影响;对Ni-P合金镀层结构的研究结果表明,采用Ni-P合金阳极,可使合金镀层具有更高的含磷量,且变化范围较小,在研究范围内获得的Ni-P合金均为非晶态结构。     

下期发表论文摘要预报

高强度合金硼铸铁组织成分与切削性能研究安庆龙,牛秋林,明伟伟,陈明(上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240)摘要:合金硼铸铁具有高硬度、高强度以及良好的耐磨性和耐热性,是高速机车柴油机气缸套的主流材料.文中对气缸套合金硼铸铁的显微组织结构、化学成分和车削加工性能进行了分析评估.结果表明:合金硼铸铁的石墨形     

Ti-B多层焊缝及其热模拟试样冲击韧性的研究

本文采用热模拟试验机模拟了低碳低合金多层焊缝中的再热组织,证明多层焊缝低温冲击断裂的最薄弱环节就是热模拟焊缝再热区中韧性最低的区域,多层焊缝的韧性取决于焊缝再热区中韧性最低区域的韧性大小。线能量、合金元素之所以改变焊缝韧性是由于它们改变了焊缝再热区中韧性最低区域的韧性。     

9Cr_2Mo轧辊冷焊焊缝组织分析

在9Cr2Mo钢轧辊局部缺陷冷焊焊缝中，研究了焊态显微组织。经光镜观察及X射线荧光、电子探针、透射电镜等分析表明，在平均合碳量为0．65％～0．7％的高碳焊缝中，利用Nb，Ti，V及RE变质作用，可促进碳化物呈球块状大量弥散析出，造成基体的低碳成分，使焊缝室温组织为：低碳马氏体＋球块状碳化物＋少量残余奥氏体。这一组织在保证高硬度、高耐磨的条件下有利于改善焊缝韧性及抗裂性。     

6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织与性能的研究

6N01和7N01铝合金是高铁列车车体上大量使用的2种重要的轻量化结构材料.本文利用EBSD、光学显微镜、维氏硬度测试和加速腐蚀实验研究了典型6N01-7N01铝合金T型焊接接头的微观组织、硬度分布和腐蚀特性.结果表明:焊缝、熔合区和热影响区的晶粒组织特征存在显著差异.焊缝组织为等轴晶,熔合区组织为等轴晶和柱状晶.靠近焊缝处的6N01合金存在部分晶粒异常长大现象,而7N01合金仅发生了回复和部分再结晶.6N01合金一侧的热影响区会出现硬度比焊缝更低的硬度谷,即软化区,这是由析出相受焊接热的影响发生明显的粗化导致的.经腐蚀实验后,焊缝的硬度显著降低,焊缝和热影响区为焊接接头腐蚀最严重的区域.     

Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材焊接接头的组织与性能

采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机,研究了Al-6.6Zn-1.7Mg-0.26Cu合金挤压材熔化极惰性气体保护焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：焊缝中心区为枝晶,靠近母材侧的焊缝熔合区为柱状晶,母材为等轴晶,但靠近焊缝熔合区的母材晶粒发生了长大。焊接接头的硬度以焊缝为中心呈对称分布,从母材到焊缝中心,硬度先下降后上升再下降。焊缝中心区的硬度最低,为86～105（HV）。焊接接头的抗拉强度为309 MPa,屈服强度为237 MPa,伸长率为4.75%,挤压材的焊接强度系数为0.76。     

Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas (MIG) welding and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding for duplex stainless steel (DSS) and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corrosion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG welding. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints produced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS S31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.     

低活化马氏体钢的TIG焊接试验研究

采钨极氩弧焊（TIG）焊接方法对低活化马氏体（CLAM）钢进行初步焊接试验,并对焊接试样的宏观形貌和微观结构进行观察分析,同时也对焊接试样的硬度进行了测试。结果显示,CLAM钢的焊接性能不太好,存在明显没有焊好的缝隙;焊缝的硬度大大高于热影响区和母材,热影响区的硬度最低。焊缝的显微组织是尺寸较大的板条马氏体,母材是尺寸较小的马氏体结构,热影响区的显微组织主要为等轴晶。     

Addition of cerium and yttrium to ferritic steel weld metal to improve hydrogen trapping efficiency

The applicability of Ce and Y as promising candidate elements to form irreversible traps in weld metal was investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) with gas chromatography (GC).The precise nature of the precipitate particles newly formed in the weld metal by the addition of Ce and Y to a certain alloy system was characterized.Moreover,the hydrogen trapping efficiency expressed as the reduction of the diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal was analyzed.The results showed that the addition of Ce and/or Y to this alloy system led to the formation of a mixed type of (Ce,Ti)-based oxide,(Y,Ni)-based carbide,or (Ce,Y,Ti)-based oxide particles.Because of the high activation energy of the mixed type of particles (≥ 150 kJ/mol),the trapping efficiency for hydrogen was considered to be sufficiently high to effectively reduce the diffusible hydrogen content.     

铝合金的激光焊接

叙述了在铝合金激光焊接中如何改善熔化性、选择工艺参数、防止热裂纹及气孔等缺陷的措施和方法。铝合金激光焊接焊缝金属微观组织特征及微观偏析不仅与合金本身有关系，而且焊接条件对其有很大影响；铝合金焊缝硬度与合金元素含量、焊接工艺条件之间有着密切关系。     

Expulsion characterization in resistance spot welding by means of a hardness mapping technique

Expulsion is an undesired event during resistance spot welding because the weld quality deteriorates. It is the ejection of molten metal from the weld nugget which usually occurs due to applying a high current for a short welding time. Expulsion has a significant impact on the final yield strength of the weld, thus the detection and characterization of expulsion events is significant for the quality assurance of resistance spot welds. In this study, hardness mapping, using a scanning hardness machine, was used as a quality assurance technique for resistance spot welding. Hardness tests were conducted on a resistance spot welded sample to prepare a hardness map. The test results showed good correlation between the hardness map and metallographic cross sections. The technique also provided further fundamental understanding of the resistance spot welding process, especially regarding the occurrence of expulsion in the nugget.     

自熔性喷焊合金粉涂铸件磨损机理及其耐磨性

本文通过自熔性喷焊合金粉涂铸件硬性测试和磨损试验,发现经涂铸后试件硬度最高值此基体提高近3倍,达HRC60。相对耐磨性最高时比体提高近12倍.经电子显微镜对涂铸合金层磨损形貌的观察,详细地分析了涂铸合金层磨粒磨损机理,并由此解释了同种粉在不同涂铸工艺下,硬度和耐磨性的关系.文章最后对同种粉同样涂铸工艺下,硬度和耐磨性的关系进行了讨论。     

钛合金 Ti-6Al-4V 电子束焊接接头的性能研究

本文研究了钛合金Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ真空电子束焊接接头的机械性能和金相组织结构。发现接头的冲击韧性不亚于母材，甚至高于母材。焊缝区和热影响区的硬度均高于母材，组织分别为１００％马氏体和部分马氏体，晶粒粗化现象与其它熔化焊方法相比轻微得多。     

Ti-B微量合金化元素对焊缝金属韧性的影响机制

通过向焊缝金属过渡微量的Ｔｉ－Ｂ元素,探讨了低合金高强钢焊缝金属的微观组织与组织与低温冲击韧性的关系。研究结果表明,向焊缝金属过渡适量的Ｔｉ－Ｂ元素,可以有效地抑制先共析铁素体的析出,使焊缝获得细小,均匀的针状铁素体组织,从而提高了焊缝的低温冲击韧性,通过透射电镜的观察,发现针状铁素体由许多位错亚结构组成,这相当于进一步细化了晶粒,是提高焊缝金属低温韧性的微观原因。