绿色增塑剂柠檬酸三正丁酯的应用与合成

本文综述了绿色增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)的应用与合成.系统研究了用浓硫酸、固体超强酸So42-/Fe2o3、活性炭固载三氯化铁、活性炭固载三氯化铝、对氨基苯磺酸催化合成TBC.     

三氯化铁催化还原芳香族硝基化合物

用50%水合肼在六水合三氯化铁和活性炭的存在下还原了9种硝基化合物.所得产物的产率在70%—92%之间,纯度很好.还原季戊四醇四对硝基笨酚醚时,只还原其中的三个硝基,相应硝基—氨基化合物的产率为75%.     

地下水中溶解性硅、铁和锰的同步去除

针对某地地下水溶解性硅、铁和锰同时超标的情况,开展了曝气+三氯化铁、次氯酸钠+三氯化铁、曝气+氢氧化钙、次氯酸钠+氢氧化钙及曝气+氢氧化钙/三氯化铁等技术同步去除水中溶解性硅、铁和锰的研究.曝气氧化方法的试验结果表明:以三氯化铁为混凝剂时,不能实现硅、铁和锰的同步去除;以氢氧化钙为混凝剂时,可实现硅、铁和锰的同步去除(当氢氧化钙投加量为500 mg/L时,硅、铁和锰的去除率分别为51.2%、84.3%和90.9%),但出水pH值不符合水质要求;采用氢氧化钙/三氯化铁复配混凝剂时,可进一步强化硅、铁和锰的同步去除,同时出水浊度均小于0.71 NTU,pH值符合水质要求.采用次氯酸钠为氧化剂的试验结果表明:以三氯化铁为混凝剂时,可有效去除铁和锰,但对硅和浊度的去除效果较差;以氢氧化钙为混凝剂时,可实现硅、铁和锰的同步去除,且对浊度有较好的去除效果,但出水呈较强碱性,不符合水质要求.综合考虑,推荐采用曝气+氢氧化钙/三氯化铁复配混凝剂作为同步去除地下水中硅、铁和锰的方法.当氢氧化钙投加量为500 mg/L、三氯化铁投加量(以Fe~(3+)计)为22.4 mg/L时,出水残余硅、铁和锰的含量分别为13.74、0.15和0.005 mg/L,pH值为8.5,出水浊度为0.65 NTU,符合GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》的要求.     

3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯的合成与表征

以水合肼为还原剂,FeCl3.6H2O/AC(活性炭)为催化剂,采用催化氢转移还原法制备了3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯.研究了水合肼用量、催化剂用量及反应时间等因素对收率的影响,并用FTIR、1H,NMR、DSC法对3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯进行了表征.3,5–二硝基三氟甲苯为11.8,g,质量分数为80%的水合肼为20,mL,催化剂FeCl3.6H2O/AC的组成比为0.06,g/2,g,滴加时间60,min,回流时间30,min时,3,5–二氨基三氟甲苯收率可达83.1%.     

混凝-活性炭吸附工艺去除水中甲氰菊酯农药

通过对含甲氰菊酯农药的模拟水样进行混凝活性炭吸附处理,分别考察了混凝剂种类、投加量、pH等因素对混凝效果的影响以及木质粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,对水样作常规混凝处理时,氯化铁的处理效果优于其他混凝剂,当氯化铁的投加量为20mg/L,pH为8时,甲氰菊酯去除率可达59.4%。对水样做活性炭吸附处理时,适宜pH范围为6~9,木质粉末活性炭最佳投加量为40mg/L,最佳吸附时间为70min,在最优吸附条件下,甲氰菊酯去除率可达81.6%。在最优混凝吸附条件下,氯化铁混凝协同木质粉末活性炭吸附去除甲氰菊酯的去除率均大于90%,对水中甲氰菊酯去除效果较好。     

活性炭-H2O2催化氧化处理氨基C酸工业废水的研究

研究了活性炭-H2O2催化氧化处理氨基C酸工业废水的氧化脱色效果,活性炭兼具吸附和催化双重作用.试验结果表明,在pH=1.0,氧化剂的用量为H2O2/废水=50mL/L,催化剂的用量为活性炭/H2O2=0.5-0.75g/mL时,废水的CODcr去除率可达62 4%,脱色率达到94 6%.显示了该法处理氨基C酸工业废水良好的氧化脱色效果.     

酚醛树脂基球形活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

对球形酚醛树脂制备活性炭的方法进行了优化并探讨了其吸附性能.分别对合成球形酚醛树脂过程中所用原料、转速进行了筛选,优化了由酚醛树脂制备活性炭的炭化和水蒸气活化过程,并考察了活性炭的吸附性能.对吸附性能优异的活性炭进行了氮气吸附-脱附等温线、比表面积及微孔体积的测定.结果表明:苯酚、甲醛和三乙烯四胺为合成球形酚醛树脂的最佳原料,三者的物质的量比为1∶1.13∶0.04.在转速为600 r/min时可获得粒径为0.35~0.50 mm的球形酚醛树脂.酚醛树脂经过600 ℃炭化和800 ℃活化过程制得球形活性炭.活性炭符合IUPAC定义的I型吸附曲线,孔径分布以微孔(0.5~2 nm)为主,比表面积可达1 431.89 m²/g,对DL-β氨基异丁酸和α-淀粉酶的吸附效率分别为63.41%和19.77%.     

成型载铁泥质活性炭的最佳成型条件

以羧甲基纤维素为黏结剂,粉末载铁泥质活性炭为原料,硫酸亚铁和氯化铁为添加剂,采用高温煅烧的方法制备成型载铁泥质活性炭.通过单因素实验和正交实验研究成型载铁泥质活性炭的成型因素,并确定制备的最佳成型条件.实验结果表明,以最终综合分值为控制指标,各因素影响程度为成型温度成型时间黏结剂添加量.最佳制备条件为5%黏结剂,成型温度为150℃,成型时间30min.通过对其进行XRD、比表面积及孔结构的分析表明,制备的活性炭的杂质相对较少,比表面积略有下降.     

活性炭对4-氨基安替比林提纯作用的评定——针对水质监测中对挥发酚的监测分析

在挥发酚的监测分析中,本文通过应用苯与活性炭分别对显示剂4-氨基安替比林(C11H13N3O)做去渣、脱色对比实验,阐明了活性炭对4-氨基安替比林(C11H13N3O)显示剂的去渣、脱色作用无论是在分析的操作上,还是对人体的毒性、分析成本和再生性上都比用苯(C6H6)对其进行处理具有优越性.并通过近三年的实验,验证了其精确性和准确性,说明利用活性炭替代苯对显色剂进行预处理,能够符合我国《水和废水监测分析方法》和《环境水质监测质量保证手册》的相关要求.     

甘蔗渣微波制备活性炭吸附剂及其再生研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,氯化锌、磷酸和氢氧化钠为活化剂,微波制备活性炭吸附剂,考察了活化剂浓度、料液比、浸渍时间、微波功率和辐射时间等对活性炭产率和吸附性能的影响.活性炭指标为:亚甲基蓝吸附值136 mL/g,碘的吸附值1 163.7mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率108.9%,优于国家一级品指标.用该活性炭处理酱油模拟废液后再生,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为105mL/g,碘的吸附值为1 186.4mg/g,A法焦糖脱色率为111.5%,仍优于国家一级品指标,并且再生活性炭对酱油废液具有更佳的处理效果.该方法操作方便,缩短了活性炭的制备和再生时间,再生效果好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.