一种基于能量和距离的多级能量异构传感器网络路由算法

为了能有效地利用节点能量的异构性,降低网络能耗、延长网络稳定周期,提出了一种同时考虑节点剩余能量和节点至基站距离的多级能量异构无线传感器网络的分簇路由算法.在节点簇间综合考虑簇头剩余能量及其与基站的通信能耗,以选择合适的下一跳路由节点.仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络稳定周期.该路由算法在维持节点存活个数、降低网络能量消耗及增加网络数据传输吞吐量等指标方面优于几种常见传感器网络路由算法,表明在综合考虑能量和距离等因素后能够获得比单一考虑能量或者距离的算法更优的运行结果.     

分布式能量高效的WSN非均匀分簇路由多跳算法

针对无线传感器网络路由存在能量空洞的问题,提出一种分布式非均匀分簇路由算法.该算法在选择候选簇首时引入位置因子和平均能量因子来平衡全网节点的剩余能量;网络运行过程中,候选簇首通过自适应校正其竞争半径进行非均匀分簇.采用基于能量和距离的能耗函数入簇机制以均衡全网能量消耗,利用多跳动态路由以避免稳定传输阶段转发节点因能耗过大而快速死亡.通过构建网络模型,采用Matlab对文中算法和UCR算法进行仿真分析比较.仿真结果表明:文中算法簇首消耗能量的方差波动不大较稳定,相比UCR更好地均衡了簇首能量消耗,并且能够有效避免能量空洞,均衡网络负载,网络生命周期较UCR算法提高了约34%.     

基于负载均衡的无线传感器网络路由算法

针对传统的分簇路由协议存在的监测盲区和"热区"问题,在LEACH和PEGASIS协议的基础上做了改进,提出了一种负载均衡的无线传感器网络改进分簇路由算法.在簇的构成阶段,综合考虑了节点到簇首及簇首到基站的复合距离,普通节点选择复合距离最小的簇加入;簇间通信采用多跳的方式,多跳通信的下一跳路由是基于网络通信开销指标和簇首的剩余能量选择的,使得网络的负载更均衡.NS2仿真结果表明,改进路由算法高效地平衡了整个网络的能量消耗,从而延长了网络的生命周期.     

改进LEACH的传感器网络分簇路由算法

针对当前无线传感器网络分簇路由算法存在的节点能耗不平均、 节点过早死亡等缺陷, 提出一种改进低功耗自适应分簇(LEACH)的无线传感器网络路由算法. 首先针对无线传感器节点过早死亡的问题, 引入簇半径动态确定方式, 将整个无线传感器网络划分为多个不均匀的簇; 然后考虑簇首能量消耗过快的问题, 结合簇首所在位置和节点剩余能量选择每轮中的簇首; 最后改进数据传输机制保证节点能量消耗均衡, 并在MATLAB 2014平台上对无线传感器网络分簇路由算法的性能进行测试. 测试结果表明, 改进LEACH算法较好地解决了节点过早死亡的难题, 延长了无线传感器网络的寿命, 平衡了各节点能量消耗, 整个无线传感器网络的性能显著优于其他对比算法.     

基于节点权值的簇头选举优化算法

LEACH是无线传感器网络中一种经典的降低网络耗能的分簇路由算法,该算法可有效的延长网络的生命周期,具有平面路由协议无可比拟的优越性。但其簇头选举机制是随机的,没有考虑候选节点的剩余能量等因素。本文基于LEACH提出了一种改进算法,通过节点权值来选择簇头,权值是本轮候选节点的剩余能量、节点密度和距离基站远近的一种数学关系的度量。依此来均衡网络负载,延长整个网络的生命周期。     

基于距离划分与剩余能量的无线传感器网络分簇算法

提出一种基于距离划分和剩余能量的无线传感器网络分簇算法,以使簇头节点分布更加合理.以网内各个节点与sink节点的距离为标准,首先将网络分为三个区域,每个区域中选择剩余能量最大的节点为簇头节点,其次在已有簇头的一跳范围外,依次取两个剩余能量最大的节点为簇头节点.经仿真验证,该改进算法在存活节点数目方面存在明显的优势.     

一种新的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇算法

为避免无线传感器网络的能量空洞问题, 延长无线传感器网络寿命, 提出一种新的基于双簇头的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇算法. 该算法综合考虑节点剩余能量和节点到基站的距离选举分簇簇头, 将无线传感器网络分为不同规模的簇; 为了减小规模较大簇的簇头节点收集与传输数据的负担, 在数据传输阶段构造基于改进最小二 叉树的数据传输路径. 实验结果表明, 该算法能够有效减小节点能量消耗, 可有效延长无线传感器网络的使用寿命.     

异构传感网中一种能量均衡非均匀分簇算法

分簇路由协议是无线传感网中减少能量消耗、延长网络寿命的一种重要手段.大部分分簇路由协议基于均匀分簇算法,却忽略了无线传感网单跳路由协议中远离基站的簇头需要消耗更多能量,从而导致整个网络能量消耗不均匀.针对以上问题,提出异构传感网中一种能量均衡非均匀分簇算法.一方面,簇头选取阶段,在考虑节点剩余能量的同时,引入非均匀竞争机制;另一方面,簇构建阶段,为节点选取簇头时,不仅考虑簇头剩余能量、节点与簇头间距,也考虑节点与基站间距.仿真结果表明,与LEACH,SEP,DEEC分簇算法相比,该算法有效均衡了簇头的能量消耗、延长了网络寿命.     

基于嵌套细菌觅食优化算法的WSN分簇路由协议研究

针对现有的用于无线传感器网络(WSN)的分簇路由协议,存在着所有簇头直接与汇聚节点通信、远离汇聚节点的簇头能量消耗过快等一系列的问题,根据嵌套细菌觅食算法(NBFA)及WSN分簇路由算法的特点,对NBFA进行改进并引入到WSN分簇路由机制中,提出一种基于改进细菌觅食算法的WSN分簇路由算法;该算法将到汇聚节点的距离设定为启发函数以找到簇头下沉的最佳路径和提高细菌觅食算法的效率,同时考虑该节点的剩余能量,在数据传输过程中,减少簇头节点的能量消耗,进而实现节点能量的高效利用,增强网络的使用寿命,以实现网络通信的高效。通过仿真,结果表明,该算法是可行的、有效的。     

基于能量优化分簇的WSN路由协议

针对无线传感器网络的特点,在LEACH协议的基础上,提出一种新的能量优化分簇路由算法。该算法使用能量因子修正了LEACH协议中的阈值,产生簇头;再选取距离最近的两个节点形成节点对,选择能量高的节点采集发送数据,采集的数据最后通过簇头融合提交给基站,从而减少了节点的能量消耗。MTLAB仿真结果显示该协议有效延长网络的稳定期。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.