柴油机机体热-机耦合分析

文章以4105型柴油机为研究对象,建立包括缸体、缸盖、缸套、缸垫、连接螺栓的内燃机机体装配多体接触模型,利用ANSYS Workbench平台,采用多场耦合方法,计算考虑螺栓预紧力、燃气压力、热负荷综合作用下的机体应力与变形。结果表明,热负荷对于缸体、缸盖的应力应变影响最大,缸体内各部位刚度的差异导致缸体、缸盖变形的大小和形态显著不同。     

Q485柴油机机体强度刚度分析

本文就Q485柴油机机体三维有限元计算和静动态电测测试对机体进行强度刚度分析。电算和电测分析结果一致表明:机体中有三个高应力区:缸盖螺栓孔附近、横隔板上部圆拱筋及主轴承孔四周;而变形较大表现为缸盖螺栓孔附近平面凸起及缸套上支承口失圆。数据表明这主要原因在于装配应力,相比之下工作载荷引起的应力和变形值较小。本文就改进后机体进行了电算,数据表明高应力值下降,变形量减小。本文指出:改进缸垫材质和密封方式,以降低缸盖螺栓固紧力达到降低应力减小变形,具有普遍现实意义。     

缸套与机体配合公差对缸套失圆的影响

采用有限元模拟和试验相结合的方法,研究了在螺栓预紧力作用下,缸套定位环带和机体配合对柴油机缸套失圆变形的影响。建立了包含柴油机机体、缸盖、气缸垫、气缸套和螺栓等的组合体有限元模型,用实测的缸套变形量验证了有限元建模和计算的准确性。在此基础上,计算了不同配合公差下缸套失圆量变化情况,研究了缸套与机体定位环带配合公差对气缸套失圆的影响规律,并通过傅里叶变换的方法对缸套失圆变形进行了阶次分析。研究结果表明:缸套定位环带与机体配合公差对缸套的失圆影响显著,可以通过控制配合公差的方法改善装配后缸套的失圆变形。     

螺栓预紧力对输电杆塔强度的影响

针对实际线路段,利用ABAQUS软件建立塔线耦合体系有限元模型,数值模拟该塔线体系在典型荷载作用下的应力和变形.根据现场倒塔情况,建立杆塔破坏局部区域三维实体模型,并与其它部分杆梁模型连接得到杆塔整体有限元模型.三维局部区域模型考虑了螺栓和连接板之间的连接细节、螺栓预紧力、螺杆和螺孔之间的间隙等.进而数值模拟研究螺栓预紧力大小对螺栓的滑移和杆塔构件应力的影响.结果表明,过小的预紧力会导致螺栓产生明显滑移,增大螺栓和杆塔构件的应力,因而螺栓预紧力不足可能是导致杆塔破坏的主要原因之一.     

面向结合面密封性能要求的装配连接工艺设计

为在产品设计阶段规划出满足密封性能要求的装配连接工艺,提出了一种面向结合面密封性能要求的装配连接工艺数字化设计方法.采用接触非线性有限元技术和弹性相互作用理论建立了螺栓组连接有限元模型,研究了螺栓预紧顺序、预紧力水平与结合面连接性能间的关系,构建了各螺栓预紧力大小与结合面压力间的关联模型,进而利用该关联模型,根据工况载荷下设备对密封性能的要求反求装配连接工艺.以发动机缸体缸盖装配连接为例,建立了发动机曲柄连杆机构动力学模型,分析了其工况载荷,并在缸体、缸盖和缸垫有限元模型的基础上,确定出工况载荷下发动机密封性能对结合面压力分布的要求,最后利用螺栓组连接与结合面压力间的关联模型反求出各螺栓预紧力的大小,通过与该型发动机已有装配连接工艺对比,验证了该设计方法的可行性.     

复杂载荷条件下柴油机气缸套的变形仿真分析

基于ANSYS软件,对柴油机气缸套在螺栓预紧力、燃气压力、活塞侧推力以及温度载荷作用下的变形进行了数值仿真。结果表明,温度载荷是引起气缸套变形的主要因素,螺栓预紧力和燃气压力对气缸套的变形影响很小可以忽略,而活塞侧推力则会导致气缸套圆柱度误差。     

柴油机活塞热机耦合三维有限元分析

利用有限元分析软件MSC,MARC，对某柴油机钢顶铝裙组合式活塞进行三维非线性有限元分析，在考虑各组件接触关系的基础上，计算了活塞在螺钉的预紧力、热载荷、爆发压力多场耦合作用下的应力场和位移场分布情况，为改进设计提供参考，计算结果表明，活塞顶部第一道环槽温度在安全范围内，由于刚度不对称，顶部变形为椭圆形.     

受轴向载荷紧螺栓联接的预紧力计算

在柴油机、压力机及化工压力容器等重要螺栓联接中,由于联接中各零件是相互约束的弹性体。当外载荷作用时,螺栓和被联接件的变形就发生了变化。为了保证联接间不产生缝隙,并具有足够的紧密性及联接刚性,在装配时应将螺栓事先预紧,其预紧力 F′及残余预紧力 F″大小的确定十分重要,它不仅涉及螺栓联接的可靠性,而且还影响到螺栓联接的结构尺寸。然而,现行的计算方法比较繁琐,应用不便。本文试图从力——变形——刚度三者相互关系中,引入预紧系数 K_f,寻求简便的计算公式,或者图表,便于设计计算使用。     

基于频率跟踪法的螺栓联接状态监测研究

针对工程实际中出现的螺栓联接松动问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于压电主动式传感的结构频率跟踪的螺栓联接监测方法。根据赫兹接触理论并结合有限元仿真分析,得出了螺栓联接接触界面法向接触刚度与螺栓预紧力之间的单调函数关系,而螺栓联接结构的频率与法向接触刚度相关,进而建立了基于频率跟踪法的螺栓联接状态监测方法。建立实验装置,在螺栓联接件的非接触面的两侧分别粘贴压电材料,作为驱动器和传感器,分别激发脉冲超声波信号和接收通过螺栓联接界面的超声波响应信号,分析了响应信号的功率谱得到螺栓联接结构的频谱。实验结果表明:螺栓联接结合面的法向接触刚度与预紧力近似成对数函数关系,螺栓联接结构的某阶频率与螺栓预紧力近似成对数函数关系,从而可以通过分析螺栓联接结构的某阶频率变化得到螺栓预紧力状态。仿真结果与实验结果相一致,为螺栓联接松动问题提供了一种监测方法。     

内燃机微动疲劳损伤的试验与仿真研究

本文针对内燃机机体隔板与主轴承盖螺栓紧固连接处的微动疲劳问题展开研究工作。通过对主轴承盖所受载荷模式的分析,设计了内燃机微动疲劳实验系统及相关实验方法,进行了内燃机典型紧固结构微动疲劳等效模型实验。结合对螺栓连接紧固面接触应力场分布的有限元分析结果,研究了主轴承盖与机体隔板紧固面微动疲劳失效机理。研究表明,螺栓预紧力和主轴承盖所承受的附加扭转力矩是影响机体隔板与主轴承盖紧固连接微动疲劳的主要因素,附加翻转力矩的波动使接触区的接触状态不断变化,导致接触区表面的损伤;通过增加螺栓预紧力有助于减缓机体隔板与主轴承盖紧固连接的微动疲劳损伤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the