一种带有非线性跟踪一微分器的新型Fuzzy PID控制器

在韩京清提出的“非线性跟踪一微分器”的基础上,利用模糊推理,对传统PID控制器进行改造,设计了一种“带有跟踪－微分器的新型Fuzzy PID控制器。     

双旋翼无人机串级线性自抗扰控制

介绍线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC)和串级线性自抗扰控制器的组成结构,包括线性跟踪微分器、线性扩张状态观测器以及线性误差控制律,并给出各部分的典型算法。为了解决纵列式双旋翼无人机姿态控制系统中欠驱动、多变量、强耦合的控制问题,设计串级线性自抗扰控制器。研究结果表明:所设计的串级线性自抗扰控制器参数少,便于参数整定,能够满足控制精度及快速性的要求,并且具有较强的鲁棒性、抗干扰性能力以及对非线性强耦合系统的解耦能力。     

非线性类PID神经元网络控制器

研究了基于比例、积分和微分控制分量非线性方法合成的非线性PID智能控制器.该PID控制器将比例、积分和微分控制分量分别用三角函数表示为误差信号的非线性函数,并通过三个独立的非线性函数构造合成PID控制器.通过在线调整三个独立非线性函数的权值系数,使该控制器实现不依赖于非线性对象模型的智能控制.仿真结果表明该控制器具有优异的非线性控制性能.     

基于Bang-Bang的水泥立式辊压磨模糊PID控制

为实现多变量、大延时、非线性的水泥立式辊压磨自动控制,提出基于Bang-Bang和模糊PID的控制器设计方法。通过Bang-Bang控制方法来加速跟踪收敛速度,采用模糊PID控制器以保证跟踪误差收敛至任意小的界内。该方法应用于山东某水泥厂原料粉磨系统,运行结果表明,设计的控制器能够使系统稳定,达到了减小磨机振动、提高产量和节能降耗的目的,从而验证了其有效性。     

无刷直流电机转速智能混合控制器设计

提出一种传统PI(比例 积分)结合自适应模糊PID(比例 积分 微分)的智能混合控制器, 以提高无刷直流电机转速跟踪和动态适应能力. 该控制器通过开关函数根据转速误差在稳态的PI控制器和瞬态的自适应模糊PID控制器之间灵活切换. 自适应模糊PID包含两级模糊逻辑控制器: 一级模糊逻辑控制器自适应调节PID增益; 二级逻辑模糊控制器对一级模糊逻辑控制器的缩放因子自动调节. 在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行仿真测试, 测试结果表明, 相比于传统PID和模糊PID控制器, 智能混合控制器在各种条件下的转速响应、 稳态误差和超/欠调量等均有较大改善, 表明其具有更好的鲁棒性、 抗干扰性和动态适应能力.     

锅炉主蒸汽温度模糊PID控制系统的研究

本文主要从对模糊PID控制系统和串级PID控制系统的研究中,发现了一种带自调整因子的模糊PID控制器在锅炉主蒸汽温度控制上存在的优点,设计了一种带自调整因子的模糊PID控制系统。在与常规串级PID控制系统的仿真比较中,该系统体现了较好的动态调节品质和较强的鲁棒性。     

输入非仿射不确定性混沌系统的输出跟踪控制

针对一类输入非仿射不确定性混沌系统,采用反演设计了一种新的控制器. 该方法结合非线性跟踪微分器以及扩展状态观测器,非线性跟踪微分器用于逼近虚拟控制量的导数或者参考信号的导数;扩展状态观测器用于估计系统中的未知项及扰动项,并且证明了其收敛性能. 该方法的运算时间远远小于现有设计方法,并且跟踪误差是渐近一致稳定的;该方法保证了此类系统的输出能跟踪任意可微的参考信号. 对具有非仿射输入及扰动和不确定性的混沌系统的仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性.      

旋翼无人机实时视觉跟踪算法

针对背景变化、目标状态变化和短暂遮挡导致的无人机跟踪失败问题,提出了融合基于加速鲁棒特征的光流跟踪器、基于归一化相关匹配(wormalized cross correlation,NCC)的检测器和基于卡尔曼滤波器的位置预估器的目标跟踪算法.此外,设计了基于串级比例-积分-微分控制器(proportion integration differentiation,PID)的位置-姿态外内环控制器,计算目标相对无人机的水平位移,据此通过两级PID算法完成位置-姿态的控制,以确保目标始终位于图像中心附近,实现对目标的有效跟踪.测试结果验证了该跟踪算法的有效性.     

深孔管壁喷涂机械手的鲁棒跟踪控制方法

针对适用于长且变截面的4自由度管道喷漆机械手，为了保证它的跟踪精度，设计了一种鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制器，保证了跟踪误差的一致终值有界。最后，通过模拟仿真对所提出的控制方案与比例积分微分(PID)控制方案进行了比较，结果表明鲁棒轨迹跟踪控制具有更高的跟踪精度和稳定性。     

串级PID控制在水下机器人俯仰控制系统中的应用

针对水下复杂环境中水下机器人(ROV)俯仰角的控制问题,设计了串级PID控制器.分析了ROV水下受力情况,建立了ROV俯仰控制系统的运动学模型.复杂智能控制算法的实现(软件编程实现等)具有难度,而串级PID比传统PID控制器有更大的调节范围和更快的响应速度,在设计时有更大的灵活性,且可以处理实际中由非线性特性所带来的问题.Simulink仿真结果表明,对于ROV俯仰控制系统,串级PID控制器具有更好的控制性能.运用泳池测试验证了串级PID控制算法在ROV俯仰角控制中的可操作性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.