钼酸铵溶液镁盐沉淀法除砷的热力学分析

湿法处理镍钼矿所得钼酸铵溶液砷含量较高.针对镁盐沉淀法除砷的工艺,进行热力学分析.根据同时平衡原理和质量守恒定律,进而绘制在25℃时Mg-NH4-As-H2O系热力学平衡图,并考察工艺参数对除砷的影响.研究结果表明:溶液中总氨浓度的升高及镁盐用量增大,平衡时砷含量降低.当钼酸铵溶液中[N]r=5mol/L,[As]r=0.1mol/L,[Mg]T=0.12mol/L时,整个pH范围存在4个平衡固相的稳定区即MgHAsO4稳定区(4.0＜pH＜6.0),MgNH4AsO4稳定区(6.0＜pH＜9.5),MgNH4AsO4和Mg(OH)2稳定区(9.5＜pH＜11.7)及Mg(OH)2稳定区(pH＞11.7):当溶液pH为9时,砷质量浓度可除至2×10-6g/L,溶液中残留镁浓度为0.02mol/L.     

NH4+-Mg2+-PO43--H+-H2O体系的固液平衡热力学

对NH4+-Mg2+-PO43--H+-H2O体系中固相MgNH4PO4,Mg3(PO4)2,MgHPO4及Mg(OH)2与液相间的热力学平衡关系进行计算,绘制溶液总镁与总磷摩尔比为1-1时该体系的lgcMg-pH图、lgcN-lgcMg图和lgcN-pH图,确定体系中各种固相稳定存在的pH值范围.结果表明,溶液中的氨氮浓度和pH值是影响固相稳定存在的重要因素,MgNH4PO4的稳定区随氨氮浓度的降低而变小并最终消失,当pH=8.5且MgNH4PO4与Mg3(PO4)2共存时,溶液中的氨氮平衡浓度最低.     

Cu—Fe—S—Cl~-—H_2O系的热力学平衡及其电位—pH图(25℃)

本文基于溶液各组成同时处于平衡的热力学原理,分析了 Cu—Fe—s—Cl~-—H_2O 系的热力学平衡,从而绘制了黄铜矿—Cl~-—H_2O 系的电位—pH 图。从热力学分析表明,当氯含量在一定范围内,该体系出现一个 CuCl_((s))稳定区。氯量过低或过高,CuCl_((s))都会消失。文中还讨论了从 Cu—Fe—S—Cl~-—H_2O 系中获得 CuCl_((s))的可能性。     

Ni2+-H2O系配位平衡研究

根据络合平衡原理,计算并绘制了Ni2+-H2O系中游离镍(Ⅱ)离子及镍(Ⅱ)的各种羟合配离子浓度的对数(lgc)与溶液pH值关系图及Ni(OH)2条件溶度积的对数(lgKs)与溶液pH值关系图.lgc-pH图描述了Ni(OH)2(s)溶解平衡时,溶液中各种离子的平衡浓度与pH的关系,该图表明:当pH为10.42-11....     

难处理金矿浸出预处理过程的电位-pH图

通过热力学计算绘制了298.15 K下FeS2-H2O系、FeAsS-H2O系的电位-pH图,为难处理金矿浸出预处理过程中黄铁矿与毒砂的氧化分解提供了热力学依据.由FeS2-H2O系的电位-pH图可知,黄铁矿可以被O2等氧化剂氧化分解.在水的稳定区范围内,元素硫的稳定区较小,浸出预处理过程中硫基本上以HSO-4,SO24-形式存在.由FeAsS-H2O系的电位-pH图可知,毒砂比黄铁矿更容易被氧化分解.浸出预处理过程应提高氧化电位使毒砂中的砷和硫氧化至最高价脱去,避免亚砷酸盐和元素硫的生成.以难处理金精矿为原料进行加压氧化验证实验,在反应温度180℃、精矿粒度为-0.075 mm~+0.061...     

磷酸盐分解钼酸钙的热力学

针对磷酸盐分解钼酸钙的过程,根据同时平衡原理和质量守恒定律,绘制了25℃时Ca-Mo-P-H_2O体系溶解组分的lgC-pH图,以及不同总磷浓度条件下溶液中总钙、总钼的lgC-pH图和钼酸钙稳定区. 结果表明,在溶液中总磷浓度一定的条件下,随着pH的增大体系中会依次出现H_2MoO_4(s)、CaMoO_4(s)、Ca5(OH)(PO_4)_3(s)和Ca(OH)_2(s)稳定存在的区域. 总磷浓度直接影响到钼酸钙的分解过程,随着总磷浓度的增加,钼酸钙的稳定区域不断减小甚至消失,使得钼酸钙更加易于分解, 因此溶液中总钼浓度不断增大,而总钙浓度不断降低;但总磷浓度过高会导致溶液中残留游离含磷离子过高. 从热力学角度来看,在钼酸钙分解过程中,添加磷酸盐比碳酸盐更加有利于钼酸钙的分解.     

Cu-S-H2O系和Zn-S-H2O系E-pH图

运用同时平衡原理绘制并讨论了在不同总铜浓度 T(Cu)、总锌浓度 T(Zn)以及总硫浓度 T(S)下 ,Cu- S- H2 O和Zn- S- H2 O系的 E- p H图 .确定某一固体的稳定区时必须同时考虑该物质与体系中所有其它物质的平衡反应 ,当体系中所有固态物质的稳定区确定之后 ,剩下的区域即为溶液相稳定区 .在 Cu- S- H2 O系的 E- p H图中 ,在所研究的条件下没有出现 Cu2 O(s)的稳定区 .对 Cu- S- H2 O和 Zn- S- H2 O系而言 ,在高电势区出现单质硫的稳定区 .图 6 ,参 1     

Zn(Ⅱ)-NaOH-H_2O体系中锌溶解平衡模型的构建

本文利用电算指数法及平衡法对Zn(Ⅱ)-NaOH-H2O体系热力学进行了深入研究,揭示了在氢氧化钠浓度在0~300 g/L范围内,锌的分布形式及溶解规律,构建了锌在氢氧化钠溶液中的溶解平衡模型,并对热力学计算结果进行实验验证和差异分析.结果表明:锌溶解平衡浓度计算值与实验值的相对偏差的绝对平均值为0.1298%,这说明热力学模型是正确的,所选数据的准确性较好.     

Li-Fe-Si-H_2O体系的热力学分析

根据已有热力学数据,绘制25℃时Li-Fe-Si-H2O体系各溶解组分的lgc-pH图、Li-Fe-Si-H2O体系主要物种的优势区图和强碱性区域Li-Fe-Si-H2O体系各沉淀的优势区图。利用这些平衡图对液相制备硅酸铁锂的工艺条件进行热力学分析。研究结果表明:控制溶液的碱度是制备磷酸铁锂前驱体Li2H2SiO4·Fe(OH)2的关键因素,若要利用Li+,Fe2+和H2SiO24-在液相形成Li2H2SiO4·Fe(OH)2,则要维持溶液较高的碱度,使得Li+能与H2SiO42-生成Li2H2SiO4沉淀,并且抑制FeH2SiO4的生成,使Fe2+以Fe(OH)2的形式沉淀;溶液体系的碱性越强,Li2H2SiO4·Fe(OH)2的优势区域越宽,更有利于Li2H2SiO4·Fe(OH)2的合成;采用液相法制备硅酸铁锂时,由于pH值大于15,体系的碱度较高,溶液中Fe2+极容易被氧化,故制备过程难以实现;而利用固相法制备硅酸铁锂,其保护性气氛容易控制,工艺简单,流程短,便于实现。     

金属氢氧化物电沉积过程电极/溶液界面pH变化的原位研究

采用自制的界面pH测量复合装置,原位研究了不同沉积电位下Ni（OH）2电沉积过程中电极/溶液界面pH的动态变化.实验结果表明,阴极过电位对电极表面pH变化起着至关重要的作用,同时电极表面沉积物使得界面微化学环境更加复杂.当阴极表面施加一定电位后,电极/溶液界面pH值快速上升后达到平衡,且阴极过电位越大,达到平衡pH值的时间越短,界面pH值越高.并结合界面pH值变化和Ni（OH）2相关热力学数据,讨论了阴极表面金属氢氧化物电化学沉积机理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.