复合膜用PUA黏合剂的合成与性能

以丙烯酸酯单体为原料,水性聚氨酯为种子乳液和高分子乳化荆,合成了核-壳结构的聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液.采用傅里叶红外光谱表征了反应产物的结构.研究丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯质量比、丙烯酸酯软硬单体质量比对复合乳液性能、胶膜耐水性、热稳定性及180°剥离强度的影响.结果表明:随丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯质量比和丙烯酸酯硬单体质量的增加,复合乳液黏度减小,粒径增大,胶膜耐水性和热稳定性提高.当丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯质量比为2.0,丙烯酸酯软单体与硬单体质量比为75/25时,聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液黏合荆对双向拉伸聚丙烯/铝箔的粘接强度优于国外样品.     

肼基封端聚氨酯乳液的制备及其对丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液粘合剂的改性

以聚酯二元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、水合肼等为原料,制得了自乳化的肼基封端聚氨酯稳定乳液。以苯乙烯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸和双丙酮丙烯酰胺为单体,通过乳液聚合制得了含酮羰基丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液。将含肼基和酮羰基的两种乳液共混,所得复合乳液用作塑 塑复合粘合剂,使其在室温下发生酮肼交联反应以提高粘接性能。考察了预聚反应时间对预聚反应程度、不同DMPA含量和R-值(预聚体中n(—NCO)/n(—OH))对聚氨酯乳液性能以及两种乳液配比对胶膜凝胶含量、吸水率及180°剥离强度的影响,并比较了含肼基聚氨酯和小分子己二酰肼对丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的改性效果。结果表明：当预聚反应210min、DMPA质量分数4.5%、R值小于1.5时,可制得稳定的聚氨酯乳液;随着共混乳液中肼基含量的增加,乳胶膜凝胶含量增大,吸水率增加,180°剥离强度降低;含肼基的聚氨酯对丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的改性效果优于小分子己二酰肼的改性。     

水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成与表征

为开发高性能且环保的丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液,以甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为主要原料,采用原位乳液聚合法,先制得水性聚氨酯预聚物／乙烯基单体混合物,然后加入引发剂,经自由基乳液聚合得到聚氨酯一丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液,并对影响复合乳液性能的因素进行了探讨．研究发现,PUA复合乳液的性能及外观与-NCO／-OH比（物质的量比,下同）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）含量以及中和度等密切相关．当n（-NCO）：n（-OH）=1．3～1．4,-COOH质量分数在2．6％左右．中和度为90％～100％时,所得PUA复合乳液的外观好、性能佳．     

聚氨酯衍生物大单体对聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂性能的影响

为了提升聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液胶黏剂的热性能和力学性能,制备了5种不同分子量的聚氨酯衍生物大单体,将其与醋酸乙烯酯等主单体进行半连续种子乳液共聚合,得到了5种聚氨酯衍生物大单体接枝改性的PVAc乳液胶黏剂。结果表明,随着聚氨酯衍生物大单体分子量的增大,改性后PVAc乳液胶黏剂体系内软段数目增多,玻璃化转变温度降低,粒径、乳胶膜的表面粗糙度及持黏力增大,热稳定性、初黏力及180°剥离强度先上升后下降;当多元醇为分子量600的聚乙二醇(PEG-600)时,聚氨酯衍生物大单体改性后的PVAc乳液胶黏剂的综合性能最佳。     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯的性能及固色效果

制备了甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯封端水性聚氨酯,经甲基丙烯酸甲酯改性之后,合成了一种丙烯酸酯改性的水性聚氨酯固色剂.分析了合成反应温度、时间以及聚醚分子量、甲基丙烯酸甲酯用量等对乳液性能的影响.当采用平均分子量为1000的聚醚多元醇,MMA的用量为20%时,可得到性能稳定的固色剂乳液.同时测试了其固色效果,发现染色织物的各项色牢度均有所提升,湿摩擦牢度可提高1级左右.     

聚氨酯-环氧树脂-松香复合乳液的合成与表征

以聚已内酯二醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸为基料, 以三羟甲基丙烷为交联剂,采用环氧树脂和松香对水性聚氨酯进行改姓,制备出环氧树脂和松香改性的聚氨酯复合乳液。用傅立叶变换红外光谱、粒度分析仪、凝胶渗透色谱、综合热分析仪等对其进行了表征。红外分析表明,环氧树脂中的羟基与异氰酯基发生反应,生成了氨基甲酸酯基,同时环氧基进行了开环反应,接枝到聚氨酯分子上;松香中羧基也参与了体系的反应,最终形成了环氧和松香改性水性聚氨酯。环氧树脂和松香含量增大,都会导致乳液粒径增大。改性后聚氨酯复合乳液的相对分子质量有一定程度的增大,达7.43Х105g.mol-1。三羟甲基丙烷用量对剥离强度有显著影响,其用量以不超过2.7%为宜。改性后聚氨酯的相容性好, 其胶膜分解温度高达260℃。采用该乳液制成的胶粘剂对多种复合薄膜具有较强的粘接能力。     

聚醚硅氧烷二元醇改性水性聚氨酯的合成及性能

采用聚丙二醇和聚醚硅氧烷二元醇WACKER IM 22为软段,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯为硬段合成了有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液,通过ATR-IR、GPC、TEM、DSC、TG和WAXD等研究了有机硅改性水性聚氨酯的性能.结果表明,当WACKER IM 22与聚丙二醇的质量比为20%时,有机硅改性水性聚氨酯乳液的耐冻性和流平性提高,数均相对分子质量降低,软、硬段相的相容性提高,热分解性能与未改性水性聚氨酯相似,且无明显的结晶能力.     

丙烯酸树脂交联改性水性聚氨酯乳液

文中利用肼基与酮羰基之间的脱水缩和反应制备了丙烯酸树脂交联改性水性聚氨酯乳液。探讨了肼基、酰胺基的含量对水性聚氨酯(PU)乳液、苯丙(PA)乳液性能的影响以及交联反应对漆膜性能的影响。实验结果表明,水性聚氨酯中加入肼基化合物提高了膜的拉伸强度,硬度及耐水性等性能,同时发现,肼基化合物的用量在不超过4%时水性聚氨酯乳液最稳定;酰胺化合物的用量对苯丙乳液也有较大影响,酰胺化合物在乳液中质量分数小于6%时,丙烯酸乳液的稳定性最好。丙烯酸树脂交联改性水性聚氨酯乳液,其拉伸强度、硬度等皆比改性前的聚氨酯、丙烯酸乳液要好,当酰胺基化合物与肼基化合物保持相同交联基团摩尔比时,得到乳液性能最好。     

具有核壳结构的医药包装用水性聚氨酯的合成与表征

采用种子乳液聚合法,以聚酯二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸、丙烯酸酯单体为原料,制备水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)乳液,采用热分析仪(TG)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对该聚合物进行结构与性能的表征,并考察聚丙烯酸酯(PA)含量对乳液胶膜性能及其对铝箔基药包材料性能的影响。结果表明:通过乳液聚合法成功合成了以PA为核、聚氨酯(PU)为壳的具有核壳结构的PUA乳液,与水性聚氨酯(WPU)相比,PUA具有更好的耐水性能以及乳液胶膜性能,当PA质量分数为30%时,该乳液配制的胶黏剂在铝箔/PVC薄膜的T-剥离强度达到15.1 N(25 mm);易氧化物指标、有机溶剂残留量等指标符合药品包装容器标准,表明该水性聚氨酯胶黏剂适用于医药包装。     

聚烯烃包装材料用聚氨酯胶粘剂的研究

本文阐述以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯和聚己二酸乙二醇酯为原料,1,4-丁二醇作链调节剂,二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,用溶液共聚法合成羟端基线型聚氨酯。通过正交设计法和方差分析,研究了催化剂用量、链调节剂、反应温度以及聚酯分子量等诸因素之间的交互作用对剥离强度的影响,以较少的实验次数求得最佳合成工艺条件。结果表明,用本文给出的方法研制的产物与交联剂配制的双组份胶粘剂,粘结聚丙烯编织袋的剥离强度可达1.02kN/m,已超过国外同类产品的指标(0.4kN/m),并具有良好的粘结工艺性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to