山莨菪碱大鼠肝匀浆代谢物的液相色谱-串联质谱法分析

运用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(LC-MSn)联用技术研究山莨菪碱大鼠肝匀浆中的代谢物.采用离体实验的代谢研究方法,将山莨菪碱与大鼠肝匀浆在富氧条件下温孵,代谢物以乙酸乙酯萃取,采用LC-MS及LC-MSn等方法进行分析.和原药相比较,根据温孵液中分析物分子量的变化(ΔM)及其多级质谱数据,鉴定代谢物并阐述其结构.结果在山莨菪碱的大鼠肝匀浆培养液中发现了脱水山莨菪碱.     

阿托品肝匀浆代谢物的液相色谱-串联质谱法检测

运用液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(LC-MSn)联用技术分析检测阿托品大鼠肝匀浆中的代谢物.采用离体实验的代谢研究方法,将阿托品与大鼠肝匀浆在富氧条件下温孵,代谢物以乙酸乙酯萃取,采用LC-MS及LC-MSn等方法进行分析.和原药相比较,根据温孵液中分析物分子量的变化(ΔM)及其多级质谱数据,鉴定代谢物并阐述其结构.结果在阿托品的大鼠肝匀浆培养液中发现了脱水阿托品和去甲基阿托品2种代谢物.     

离体大鼠肠内菌群对知母甾体皂苷代谢研究

目的：观察大鼠肠内菌对知母主要活性成分甾体皂苷的代谢及对相应代谢产物进行鉴定。方法：离体培养大鼠肠道菌群,用LC/MS/MS法检测离体肠内菌对甾体皂苷样品的代谢产物。灌胃给予大鼠甾体皂苷样品15 mg.kg-1,于给药后不同时间采集尿样及粪样,用LC/MS/MS法检测甾体皂苷样品的代谢产物。对主要代谢物M1进行结构鉴定。用合成的方法制备代谢物M1标准品进行LC/MS/MS法分析并与大鼠离体和在体样品对比。结果：甾体皂苷样品容易被大鼠消化道菌群代谢,代谢速率很快,其主要代谢产物为代谢物M1,随着代谢时间的延长,代谢物M1的量逐渐增多,而甾体皂苷样品的量则下降迅速。结论：甾体皂苷可被大鼠肠内菌迅速代谢。     

虎杖灌胃大鼠血尿中蒽醌类代谢物的LC-MS分析

通过检测虎杖提取物灌胃后大鼠血浆及尿液中的代谢产物, 建立一种用液相色谱 电喷雾串联质谱（LC-MS）分离鉴定复杂样品中主要蒽醌类代谢物的方法. 液相色谱条件： 色谱柱为Agilent XDB-C18（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, 流动相为水 甲醇梯度洗脱, 柱温为25 ℃. 质谱条件： ESI离子源, 毛细管电压3.5 kV, 负
离子检出模式. 结果表明: 在大鼠灌胃虎杖提取物后的血浆样品中检测出大黄素、 大黄酚和大黄素甲醚3种代谢产物; 尿液中检测出大黄素、 大黄素葡萄糖醛酸酯、 芦荟大黄素硫酸酯和芦荟大黄素葡萄糖醛酸酯4种代谢产物.     

芦丁在大鼠体内的代谢产物鉴定与代谢途径分析

分析大鼠口服芦丁后血浆、尿液和粪便中的代谢产物并评价芦丁在大鼠体内的代谢途径。大鼠灌胃给予250 mg/kg芦丁后，采集血浆、尿液和粪便，以固相萃取法处理生物样品，利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱，以0.05%甲酸水(A)-0.05%甲酸乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱，分别在正、负离子模式下采集各样品数据，通过高分辨提取离子流图和平行反应监测模式，结合色谱保留时间、质量测量、诊断离子等确定芦丁的代谢物并探究芦丁在大鼠体内的代谢途径。在正、负离子模式下共检测和鉴定了29种芦丁代谢产物，其主要代谢途径为甲基化、葡萄糖醛酸化、硫酸酯化及其复合反应等。建立了芦丁的整体代谢图谱，为其进一步的药效学评价及开发利用提供了参考依据，同时也为药物代谢鉴定研究提供了一种综合研究方法。     

UPLC-Q-TOFMS/MS联用技术分析大鼠肠道微生物体外对小檗碱的代谢产物

采用大鼠肠道微生物和小檗碱进行体外厌氧共培养,并利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOFMS/MS)分析小檗碱的代谢产物,探讨大鼠肠道微生物对小檗碱的生物转化过程.采用UPLC的方法,有效分离得到小檗碱及其代谢产物,再采用串联质谱对代谢产物进行结构解析及鉴定.研究结果发现,在体外条件下,大鼠肠道微生物通过脱甲基、脱羟基、去亚甲基等反应将小檗碱转化为小檗红碱,药根碱等5种代谢产物.     

大鼠肝微粒体中睾酮及其代谢产物6β-羟基睾酮的高效液相色谱检测方法的改进

建立快速、准确、灵敏的高效液相色谱法,对大鼠肝微粒体中的探针药物睾酮及其代谢产物6β-羟基睾酮进行准确定量分析,用于体外评价大鼠肝微粒体CYP3A酶的活性.对色谱条件进行优化,采用Durashell C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以10 mmol/L Na2HPO4水溶液(p H 9.26)-乙腈-甲醇(58∶32∶10,体积比)为流动相,流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长245 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL.大鼠肝微粒体与睾酮标准品在37℃进行温孵,用固相萃取小柱对温孵产物进行萃取,用甲醇-水(体积比11)复溶上机分析.6β-羟基睾酮和睾酮分别在0.05~10 mg/L和0.2~20 mg/L内线性关系良好(r0.999 5),检出限分别为0.003 4和0.034 mg/L(S/N≥3),定量限分别为0.011和0.114 mg/L(S/N≥10),加标回收率分别为100.1%和99.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.75%和1.13%.该方法符合生物样品测定标准.适合体外测定6β-羟基睾酮和睾酮含量,进而用于评价药物对肝微粒体CYP3A酶活性的影响.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时快速测定婴幼儿谷物食品中3种莨菪烷生物碱

采用固相萃取净化去除样品中蛋白类物质的干扰,建立婴幼儿谷物食品中3种莨菪烷生物碱的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.样品经体积分数为80％(v/v)乙腈水溶液提取后,经Oasis PRiME HLB SPE固相萃取柱净化.净化后的样品采用Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱(2.7μm,3.0 mm×75 mm)分离,以0.1％(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液和0.1％(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,多反应监测正离子模式扫描,采用基质溶液外标法定量.3种莨菪烷生物碱在1.0～50.0μg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2﹥0.999),方法的检出限均为0.5μg·kg-1;回收率为86.8％ ～103.3％,相对标准偏差为5.2％ ～8.9％.该方法前处理操作简便,灵敏度和准确度高,可实现婴幼儿谷物食品中3种莨菪烷生物碱的同时快速测定.     

北五味子与人参共煎剂对老年大鼠尿液代谢组学的影响

目的探讨北五味子与人参共煎剂对老年大鼠尿液代谢产物的影响.方法运用基于高分离快速液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱技术(RRLC-Q-TOF-MS)的尿液代谢组学方法研究24月龄大鼠在北五味子与人参共煎剂给药前后的尿液样本,通过主成分分析等方法对尿液中的代谢产物进行降维筛选,比较给药前后的差异代谢产物,并根据差异代谢产物的精确分子质量和在串联质谱中的离子碎裂特征进行鉴定.结果在北五味子与人参共煎剂干预后,老年大鼠的尿液中共鉴定了5个差异代谢物,经过对差异代谢产物相关的代谢通路进行分析,发现与能量代谢、脂类物质代谢和脑衰老相关的代谢产物发生变化.结论北五味子与人参共煎剂通过干扰能量代谢、脂类物质代谢和神经递质的途径而发挥抗疲劳、降脂、抗氧化和延缓脑衰老的作用.     

HPLC-QTOFMS和MS/MS分析鉴定PF573228肝微粒体体外代谢产物

为研究PF573228的大鼠肝微粒体体外代谢特点,采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)的方法,结合检测的保留时间、精确质量数和特征碎片离子,鉴定了PF573228体外的3种代谢产物分子的结构,推断体外代谢产物的生物转化有3个主要途径:脱氢,N-脱烷基和氧化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-