硒对铁皮石斛拟原球茎生长及抗氧化系统的影响

通过在培养基中添加Na2SeO3研究不同浓度硒对铁皮石斛组织培养拟原球茎的生长及抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明:适量加硒(≤0.2 mg/L)促进了拟原球茎的增殖生长,而高浓度硒(0.2 mg/L)则抑制了增殖,并且发现拟原球茎生长的最佳硒浓度为0.05 mg/L.低浓度硒(≤0.05 mg/L)显著增强了拟原球茎SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性,而使POD活性降低、O2-产生速率变小,MDA含量明显下降;硒浓度过高(0.1 mg/L),SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性被抑制,POD活性升高,O2-产生速率变大,MDA含量大幅上升.总之,适量加硒可增加产量,提高机体抗氧化能力.     

两种有机磷农药对沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化系统及MDA浓度的影响

研究了两种有机磷农药三唑磷和乙酰甲胺磷对沼水蛙蝌蚪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)浓度的影响.结果表明:在不同质量浓度(0.2,0.4,1.2,2.0,2.8 mg/L)的三唑磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性开始被激活,48 h或72 h后活性逐渐达到最高值;随着染毒时间的延长,其活性则被抑制而降低;CAT活性和MDA浓度都随着三唑磷质量浓度的增加和处理时间的延长出现极显著的提高,且MDA浓度与三唑磷质量浓度呈现显著的剂量效应关系.在不同质量浓度(15.0,22.5,30.0,37.5,45.0 mg/L)的乙酰甲胺磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性在较短的时间(24 h)内出现最高值,随后降低至与对照组相当的水平;随着染毒时间的延长,CAT活性逐渐被抑制而呈减低的趋势,而MDA浓度明显呈现出由低到高的变化过程.两种农药都会不同程度改变沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化防御系统,造成毒害作用.     

废旧干电池污染液对泥鳅超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

将泥鳅暴露于不同浓度的废旧干电池污染液中,于48 h、72 h测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,结果显示低浓度、短时间内SOD、CAT活性被诱导,随着废旧干电池污染液浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,酶活性被抑制.因此SOD、CAT可作为生物标志物来监测水生态系统的污染.     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)及一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)对干旱胁迫下金荞麦幼苗生理特性的影响

采用20%的聚乙二醇对金荞麦幼苗进行干旱胁迫处理,并通过添加不同体积质量分数的外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)及一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP),研究外源ALA和外源NO处理对干旱胁迫下金荞麦幼苗叶片的叶绿素质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数、丙二醛(MDA)质量分数以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的影响.结果显示PEG-6000(20%)胁迫下的金荞麦幼苗生长受到显著抑制,但是经过不同体积质量分数的ALA或SNP处理后,均提高了幼苗可溶性蛋白的质量分数,降低了叶片的MDA质量分数和可溶性糖质量分数,显著地提高了SOD,POD和CAT 3种酶的活性和叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、叶绿素a/b的水平.50mg/L的ALA处理后SOD的活性达到最大值(0.039U/(mg·min));75mg/L的ALA处理后POD的活性达到最大值(2.359U/(mg·min));0.10mmol/L的SNP处理后CAT的活性达到最大值(0.052U/(mg·min)).然而,75mg/L的ALA比50mg/L的ALA处理后,金荞麦幼苗叶片的MDA质量分数少.因此,适宜体积质量分数的ALA和SNP能够有效地减缓干旱胁迫对金荞麦幼苗产生的伤害,提高幼苗的抗干旱能力.     

大豆幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性的耐酸、铝研究

以大豆(029-289,浙春2号)为实验材料,在水培条件下,用不同量的酸、铝(T1:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 3;T2:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 4;T3:0 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 5;T4:0.5 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 5;T5:1 mmol·L-1Al+pH 5;T6:1 mmol·L-1 Al+pH 3)处理24,,61,2和24 h后,测定大豆幼苗根系的可溶性蛋白质含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果显示:随着酸、铝处理时间的增加,大豆根系的可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD,POD和CAT的活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在酸、铝处理6 h时达到最大值,24 h时达到最小值.在无铝影响下,随着pH的升高,可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD,POD和CAT的活性先升高后降低,在T2处理下达到最大值.在pH 5条件下,随着铝浓度的增加,SOD活性先增大后减小,在T4处理下出现最大值;POD和CAT的活性随铝浓度的增加逐渐增大.在T6处理下,大豆根系SOD,POD和CAT的活性达到各酸、铝处理的最小值,说明该处理对大豆根系的伤害最大.     

水体双酚A暴露对鲤肝肾的氧化胁迫及静止代谢率的影响

【目的】研究水体中双酚A(BPA)暴露对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肝、肾组织的氧化胁迫及静止代谢率的影响。【方法】设置1个水体中BPA暴露质量浓度为0的空白对照组、1个水体中BPA暴露质量浓度为0但乙醇质量分数为0.03%的乙醇对照组和水体中BPA暴露质量浓度分别为0.5,0.9,1.8,3.6,7.2mg·L-1等5个处理组,处理30d后测定各组实验鱼的静止代谢率,肝组织中BPA的积累量及肝、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。【结果】1)3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肝、肾组织中MDA含量比两个对照组的肝、肾组织中MDA含量更高,且与后两者的差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。2)3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肝组织中CAT活性以及1.8,3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肾组织中CAT活性均低于两个对照组的肝、肾组织中CAT活性,与后两者的差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。3)1.8和3.6mg·L-1 BPA暴露处理组的静止代谢率高于两个对照组的静止代谢率,7.2mg·L-1 BPA暴露处理组的静止代谢率低于两个对照组的静止代谢率,上述差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。4)实验鱼肝组织中BPA积累量随水体中BPA暴露质量浓度的升高而升高,表现出明显的线性正相关关系。【结论】水体BPA暴露质量浓度与鲤肝组织中BPA积累量之间具有剂量-效应关系。鲤肝、肾组织中MDA含量和CAT活性对水体BPA暴露相对较敏感,肝组织比肾组织更敏感。在一定质量浓度范围内,水体BPA暴露导致鲤静止代谢率升高以满足鲤在组织损伤修复和毒物净化方面额外的能量消耗,但较高质量浓度的BPA暴露可能对鱼体组织器官造成损伤并引起静止代谢率下降。     

增强UV-B对凤仙花部分生理指标和总黄酮质量分数的影响

以凤仙花苗为材料,测定了不同强度UV-B处理(0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20 W/m2)对其叶片光合参数、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶(SOD,POD,CAT)活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质以及总黄酮质量分数的影响,结果表明:随着外加UV-B辐射强度增加,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸、SOD,MDA,总黄酮质量分数随之增加,而净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、POD活性、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白质质量分数则随之下降,说明增强UV-B辐射对凤仙花造成了明显伤害,但同时提高了植物总黄酮质量分数.     

苯并(a)芘对蚯蚓细胞色素P450和抗氧化酶影响

研究了苯并(a)芘(BaP)低剂量污染胁迫下对蚯蚓(Eiseniarfetida)体内细胞色素P450酶系和抗氧化酶系的影响.通过滤纸接触染毒法,按指数递增设计暴露质量浓度为10-6到10-2mg·mL-1,染毒时间48h,检测指标分别为蚯蚓细胞色素P450含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,在供试质量浓度范围内,蚯蚓体内P450含量和SOD活性与苯并(a)芘污染胁迫存在明显的响应关系,POD活性在BaP的最大暴露质量浓度下(10-2mg·mL-1)被显著诱导,而CAT活性对BaP暴露无明显的指示作用.这表明,BaP的代谢过程诱发了蚯蚓体内P450含量的增加,同时又抑制了SOD酶活性,从而使生物体对活性氧自由基的防御能力下降而更易受到毒害,这可能是BaP对生物体毒性作用的机制之一.     

蛋白核小球藻对叔丁基对羟基茴香醚的毒性响应

以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)为实验生物,从急性毒性及生化指标方面研究饲料添加剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(Butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)对浮游植物毒性的影响,为该药物的生态毒性评价提供参考依据.结果表明BHA对小球藻生长有一定影响.BHA对小球藻的48h EC50为3.25 mg/L,其安全质量浓度为0.33 mg/L,毒性较大,属于中毒.BHA对小球藻体内谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)产生明显的影响,对GSH和EROD的影响较弱.小球藻CAT活性受BHA诱导作用较显著,并随BHA暴露质量浓度的升高存在先诱导后抑制的现象,表现为典型"钟形曲线".BHA质量浓度在1～10 mg/L时,GST活性受到显著诱导,但随质量浓度进一步增高,当>10 mg/L后,GST活性趋于饱和.在低质量浓度BHA暴露条件下,CAT和GST适合作为BHA暴露的生物标记物.     

牛大力种子萌发过程中的生理生化变化

本文在于研究种子萌发过程中生理生化变化规律,为牛大力(Callerya speciosa)种苗培育提供理论支撑。对牛大力种子萌发时期可溶性糖、抗氧化酶活性、游离氨基酸、蛋白酶、总酚含量进行测定,研究牛大力种子萌发不同时期的各项生理生化指标的动态变化,并比较他们之间的相关性。在牛大力种子萌发过程中,22d时可溶性糖含量达到最高值,为0.430 mg·g-1,随后持续降低。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在22d达到最高值,分别为300.28,810U·g-1 FW,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在萌发过程第17d达到最高值,为240U·g-1 FW,这3种抗氧化酶活性均呈现先升高后下降的趋势;游离氨基酸呈先升后降再陡然上升的趋势;蛋白酶活性在第22d时达到最大值,为1.101mg·g-1·h-1,呈先升后降的趋势;总酚含量在0d时最高,为77.81μg·g-1,随后出现无规律性变化,但总体呈降低趋势。相关性分析表明,牛大力种子萌发过程中,物质和能量代谢与POD、CAT及蛋白酶等的作用有很大关系;POD、CAT在种子萌发过程中不仅能消除植物体内产生的过氧化氢等有害物质,也可能在一定程度上参与了种子的其他代谢活动;总酚在种子萌发过程中通过抑制SOD酶活性影响牛大力种子的萌发。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.