硅藻土复合生物反应器处理生活污水

利用硅藻土复合生物反应器处理城市污水．以复配精选硅藻土作为微生物的载体，采用连续流小试实验，考察水力停留时间对硅藻土复合生物反应器处理城市污水的效果，除总氮外，其他出水指标满足我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918--2002）》一级A标准．     

深海锰结核作生物固定化载体处理染料废水

用深海锰结核作生物固定化载体,在气升式反应器内进行了对比实验.结果表明:结核作固定化载体处理废水,可有效地降低废水中的化学耗氧量(COD)、生物耗氧量(BOD)、固体悬浮物(SS)、色度等,并可打开难降解的苯环.固定化微生物脱色机理是载体吸附和细菌降解双重作用.处理后的污水可作为J13菌的有效营养和碳源,作为微生物浸出深海锰结核中有价金属的培养基.固定化微生物在染料废水处理中有实用价值.     

AHLs类信号分子对IFFAS工艺影响研究

通过在传统载体基料(聚乙烯)中添加聚季铵盐-10改善载体的亲水性和亲电性,以促进微生物在载体表面的生长,并通过向反应器中添加N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs)类信号分子改良生物膜特性以及微生物结构.实验结果表明,相比于传统载体,改性载体表面生物膜增长速率较快,生物膜生长稳定后载体表面生物膜量较高,且在AHLs作用下改性载体表面生物膜含有较多的蛋白质和多糖.实验运行阶段,投加载体反应器的COD去除效果优于活性污泥反应器;投加改性载体和AHLs的反应器的氨氮和总氮去除效果最优,去除率分别能够达到94.8%和65.3%,且各运行阶段出水水质明显优于其他反应器.微生物群落分析表明,AHLs能够明显提高反应器中与群体感应密切相关的反硝化菌Zoogloea的相对丰度.     

环流反应器中厌氧好氧耦合生物降解含酚废水

研究厌氧好氧耦合生物体系对含酚废水的处理效果.在反应器Ⅰ中投加体积比为3%的多孔聚亚氨酯载体,反应器Ⅱ不投加载体,利用2个反应器进行对比实验.经过26 d的驯化,反应器Ⅰ可将模拟含酚废水的化学需氧量质量浓度由4 g/L降至100 mg/L, 最快降解速率达到720 mg/(L·h), 污泥体积指数的值稳定在54～110 mL/g间,各项指标均优于反应器Ⅱ;扫描电镜观察发现,附着在载体上的微生物种群与好氧体系不同.体系对含酚废水的处理能力强,降解速度快,抗冲击能力强.     

底物降解速率常数的意义及应用

为了综合评价和比较废水处理中不同生物反应器的性能，根据Eckenfelder一级生化反应动力学模型，推导出单位底物降解速率常数K’2的表达式，并建议用K’2作为综合评价生物反应器性能的指标。对废水处理中常用生物反应器的K’2值进行了计算及分析。结果表明，K’2值达到最大时，反应器运行性能最佳。认为该方法与传统单项评价指标相比更具综合性，更为准确。     

沸石载体恢复受饥饿影响厌氧氨氧化菌的性能研究

利用沸石良好的吸氨能力和微生物载体功能, 将受饥饿影响的厌氧氨氧化菌在含沸石的反应器内进行活性恢复, 研究沸石对长期饥饿影响下厌氧氨氧化菌恢复过程中菌群活性及结构的影响。结果表明, 经过82天的运行, 沸石反应器和对照反应器(无沸石添加)内厌氧氨氧化菌均获得恢复。沸石反应器的脱氮效率从第59天开始与对照反应器拉开差距, 运行第82天时, 沸石反应器中氮去除负荷(NRR)为177.8 mgN/(L·d), 显著大于对照反应器 (154.3 mgN/(L·d))。利用16S rRNA高通量测序方法, 对反应器内菌群的微生物组成与功能进行分析, 发现投加沸石载体使得恢复后的厌氧氨氧化菌Candidatus Brocadia的丰度更高, 可以更好地促进受饥饿抑制的厌氧氨氧化菌的恢复。     

山东省各市地工业系统相对效率的评价

选择３个投入指标和３个产出指标，采用ＤＥＡ模型对山东省１６个市地的工业系统相对效率进行了评价，根据评价结果提出了提高山东省各市地工业效率的建议。     

兰州市2001年食品微生物指标检测结果分析

为了解食品微生物污染情况，采用相关国家标准检测和评价兰州市2001年食品微生物指标合格率为67.96%，并证明食品类型、季节变化、包装差异等因素对食品微生物指标合格率均产生影响。     

光催化氧化-固定化微生物法处理硝基甲苯类废水

探讨了光催化氧化-固定化微生物组合工艺处理硝基甲苯类废水的可行性.考察了最佳光催化工艺条件:TiO2=0.1g/L,H2O2=0.1ml/L,pH=3,反应时间3h,废水可生化性.结果表明,光催化反应3h后,废水可生化性从0.04提高至0.3以上.光催化反应3h的出水采用固定化微生物法处理,生物反应器稳定运行40d,废水经反应器处理4h后,硝基甲苯类废水中2,6-DNT、4-MNT和COD的去除率分别为90%、90%和60%以上.借助SEM观察了固定化微生物在大孔载体上的表面形态.     

介质阻挡放电协同铜氧化物催化剂脱除NOx反应研究

研究了以煤基活性炭为载体的铜氧化物催化剂在阻挡介质放电反应器中对NOx脱除效率的影响规律,以及催化剂在反应前后的变化和主要产物。研究结果表明,以煤基活性炭为载体的铜氧化物催化剂协同阻挡介质放电反应器,可使NO有效氧化为NO2,对NOx也有明显的脱除效果,使NO2进一步氧化为NO3-,阻止了等离子体状态下活性氧自由基自身结合生成氧气的循环反应;该催化剂对氮氧化物具有吸附和储存功能,提高了反应物浓度和反应速率。随着介质阻挡放电反应器输入能量的增加,氮氧化物脱除效率增大,该能量可有效产生等离子体,提高活性粒子和氧自由基浓度,同时提高催化剂的吸附和催化活性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.