顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中芳香胺类化合物

建立了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法(HS-SPME-GC)测定水中芳香胺类化合物的方法.采用溶胶-凝胶法,加入自制的离子液体键合固相微萃取涂层,对萃取温度、萃取时间、pH值、离子强度等实验条件进行了优化.方法的检测限为0.5～5μg/L,线性范围在10～1000μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于8.6%.对东湖水样进行了测定,未检测到3种芳香胺类化合物,其回收率为87.5%～99.9%.     

固相微萃取联用气相色谱测定水中的多环芳烃

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的离子液体键合固相微萃取涂层联用气相色谱测定水中的萘、联苯、芴、菲、荧蒽5种多环芳烃(PAHs).对固相微萃取的条件进行优化.方法的检测限为0.0005～0.05μg/L,线性范围在0.1～100 μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于5.3％.对东湖水样进行测定,未检测到5种多环芳烃,其回收率为71.0％～107.9％.     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯印迹聚合物的制备及其在固相萃取中的应用

制备了对增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)具有特异选择性的印迹聚合物(MIP)并成功用于水样中DMP的固相萃取.改变功能单体和聚合方法制备了4种DMP印迹聚合物,并用平衡吸附方法研究了各聚合物对DMP及结构类似物的吸附选择性.进一步将优化聚合物MIP3用作固相萃取(SPE)柱填料,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)研究其对某环境水样中DMP的萃取能力.结果表明,MIP3可选择性富集水样中的DMP和净化干扰物质.萃取后DMP的质量浓度由8.2μg/L浓缩至80.06μg/L,富集倍数达到了9.76.回收率为99.16%～103.97%,而传统的液液萃取回收率仅为87.73%～96.14%,方法的灵敏度大大提高,检出限由0.04μg/L降低至0.007μg/L.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中双甲脒及其代谢产物残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中的双甲脒及其代谢产物2,4-二甲基苯胺残留量的固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法。对固相微萃取的实验条件(萃取纤维、萃取时间、p H值等)进行了选择和优化,并建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)的仪器检测方法。结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,双甲脒和2,4-二甲基苯胺的最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg和3.0μg/kg;在0.01~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内,二者的添加回收率范围分别为81.9%~98.2%和75.5%~90.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.0%~15.4%和7.9%~17.2%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于蜂蜜中双甲脒及2,4-二甲基苯胺的检测。     

自制固相微萃取涂层同时测定水中的多环芳烃和酞酸酯

采用自制的固相微萃取涂层, 通过顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱法（HS SPME GC）联用测定水中的多环芳烃(PAHs)和酞酸酯(PAEs), 并优化了固相微
萃取条件. 实验结果表明： 当样品中加入4 g NaCl, 并以一定速度搅拌, 70 ℃顶空萃取50 min, 280 ℃解吸5 min时, 其检测限为0.005～0.1 μg/L, 线性范围为1～100 μg/L. 使用该方法检测武汉市东湖水样的加标回收率为72.0%～116.3%, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.2%～8.5%.     

固相微萃取——高效液相色谱联用测定水样中的痕量苯并（k）荧蒽

研究了固相微萃取(SPME)——高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用测定水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的的分析方法。对SPME的条件如萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度、解吸溶剂、解吸时间和HPLC条件进行了优化，建立了SPME-HPLC联用分析水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的方法，并用于自来水、雨水和纯净水等实际水样的分析。SPME优化的条件为室温、搅拌速度l100r／min、萃取时间30min、甲醇解吸溶剂、解吸时间2min。HPLC的条件为C18反相色谱拄、甲醇流动相、流速为1mL/min、紫外检测器、波长244nm，以峰高为测量信号。方法的线性范围为0—8．00μg/L，检出限为0．014μg/L，相对标准偏差(n＝6)为6．7％，回收率为82．0％-104．2％。该方法适合于水样中痕量苯并(k)荧蒽的分析。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱技术用于涂料中苯系物有害物质的快速测定

采用固相微萃取(SPME) 气相色谱技术对涂料中有害物质进行快速检测和分析,对萃取条件和色谱条件进行优化.该方法所测定的苯系物在5.5～600μg L和5.5～800μg L内具有良好的线性,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的相关系数分别为0.9993、0.9996和0.9991;检出限达0.5～1.8μg L;重复测定的相对标准偏差小于2 1%.     

固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用分析环境水样中的氨基甲酸酯农药

采用固相微萃取(SPME)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用技术分析了环境水中西维因、速灭威、呋喃丹3种氨基甲酸酯类农药.研究了SPME条件,如萃取时间、搅拌速度、解吸方式、解吸时间对3种氨基甲酸酯萃取量的影响,并用于农田灌溉水实际样品的测定.方法的检出限在0.12～1.7μg/L之间,相对标准偏差在2.8%～6.1%之间,回收率在98.3%～102%之间,适合于环境水样中痕量氨基甲酸酯农药的分析.     

漩涡辅助液液微萃取气相色谱法测定邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的研究

实验建立了漩涡辅助液液微萃取(VALLME)联合气相色谱法测定水样中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的新方法。实验表明,VALLME的最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为二氯甲烷,用量为100μL、盐浓度为0%,在优化萃取条件下,邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度均在2-50μg/L范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限为0.02μg/L之间。方法用于实际水样的分析,加标回收率在87.1-105.4%之间。     

SPME-HPLC联用分析环境水样中五种多环芳烃

应用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术(SPME-HPLC)分析环境水样中菲、蒽、苯并(α)蒽、苯并(k)萤蒽和苯并(α)芘等五种多环芳烃。对影响SPME的实验条件如萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度、解吸方式、解吸溶剂、解吸时间以及HPLC条件进行了优化,建立了分析方法,并将其用于实际水样分析。方法的线性范围分别为0 03-20,0 01—20,0 06—5,0 3—12,0.15—10μg/L,检出限分别为0 009,0 004,0 018,0 090,0 045μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD%,n=6)介于1 0%～4 5%,加标回收率在99 7%～112 9%之间。该方法适合于环境水样中多环芳烃混合物的分析,体现了SPME在样品前处理中快速、灵敏、简单、无溶剂的特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.