恩施水环境承载力评价与分析

采用层次分析法对恩施州的水环境承载力进行分析评价.结果表明,2007、2008年恩施州水环境承载力分别为0.262、0.258,已接近生态城市的标准.     

基于生态足迹模型的恩施州可持续发展评价

生态足迹是研究可持续发展的重要工具.通过建立生态足迹模型,对恩施州1990、2000、2010年三个时间点的生态足迹指标进行分析,了解恩施州生态足迹数量变化、生态承载力变化、生态盈余(赤字)趋势,最后联合本地区的经济经行分析,发现恩施州的经济发展是不可持续的.     

郑汴产业带(郑州境)水资源与水环境影响研究

在郑汴产业带规划环境影响评价工作的基础上,分析规划实施的水资源承载力,评价区域水环境质量现状,分析区域社会经济发展与水环境质量的相关性,估算水环境容量,预测规划实施的水环境影响,提出规划实施的水环境保护对策.     

试论淮河流域水环境承载力的脆弱性

文章首先赋予流域水环境承载力丰富的内涵。接着从自然地理特征、历史上黄河南泛夺淮影响和不恰当人类活动作用等三方面探讨淮河流域水环境承载力脆弱性的成因，着重分析了不恰当人类活动对流域蓄泄洪水、提供有效水资源和水体自然净化三方面能力的影响。流域水资源可持续利用的目标就是追求流域社会经济发展与其水环境承载力的协调。流域水环境承载力脆弱性的研究将会促使人们将水环境作为一个系统，考虑其对人类各种社会经济活动的承受能力，保证流域可持续发展。     

水循环算法-投影寻踪模型在水环境承载力评价中的应用——以文山州为例

利用4个典型测试函数对水循环算法(WCA)进行仿真验证,仿真结果与文化算法(CA)、布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法的仿真结果进行比较.从水资源、水污染、社会经济3个系统遴选12个指标构建区域水环境承载力评价指标体系,利用WCA优化PP模型最佳投影方向,提出WCA-PP水环境承载力动态评价模型,并构建CA-PP、CS-PP和PSO-PP模型作对比,以文山州2006~2015年水环境承载力动态评价为例进行实例验证.结果表明:无论是单峰还是多峰函数,WCA寻优精度与收敛稳定性均优于CA、CS和PSO算法,具有较好的收敛速度、求解精度和极值寻优能力;WCA优化PP模型获得的适应度值为1 248.202 6,均优于CA、CS和PSO算法.WCA-PP模型对实例2006~2011年水环境承载力评价为"基本可承载",2012~2015年评价为"可承载";水环境承载力随时间呈提升趋势,且提升趋势显著.WCA-PP模型对实例的评价及排序结果与CS-PP模型相同,与CA-PP模型在各年度排序上存在差异,与PSO-PP模型在评价及排序上均存在差异.实例验证了智能算法的优化性能决定了评价精度的高低.模型及验证方法具有实际应用价值,可为区域水环境承载力计算分析提供新的思路和方法.     

宁夏水环境承载力变化趋势及影响因素研究

为探求宁夏水环境承载力的变化趋势,根据宁夏2013—2015年统计资料,通过灰色关联度分析、计算18个待选指标与水环境承载力的关联度,并从中选出10个关联度较大的指标构建宁夏水环境承载力的评价指标体系;在此基础上进行主成分分析,并结合指标数据变化进行水环境承载力动态变化分析.结果表明,工业废水排放量、城市污水处理率、工业污水处理回用量、人均GDP、人均用水量、万元GDP用水量和万元工业增加值用水量是影响宁夏水环境承载力的主要因素.2010—2015年宁夏水环境承载力呈逐年上升趋势.     

厦门城市水环境承载力综合指标体系评价

以厦门市为研究区域,结合厦门的区域环境与社会经济现状及发展规划,通过建立综合指标体系,应用系统动力学模型方法对厦门城市现状水平年(2005年)、规划水平年(2010,2015,2020,2025,2030,2050年)的水环境承载力作出初步分析.通过对6个与水资源和水环境密切相关的综合性指标的模拟计算并归一化处理,结果表明,厦门市水环境承载力是一个波动的趋势,主要是由于供需比的变化,以及工业废水达标率、城市污水处理率和人均供水量的变化的影响.     

基于页岩气开发的威远县水环境承载力评价

为了科学合理评价分析威远县页岩气开发区水环境承载力,从社会资源、水资源、水环境三方面构建指标体系,通过模糊综合评价法构建基于页岩气开发的水环境承载力评价体系,并对威远县水环境承载力进行计算和评价。计算结果表明：2009～2018年间威远县页岩气开发水环境承载力评分值在0.246 6～0.764 0范围内,整体呈上升趋势,从临界承载状态上升为适宜承载状态;各子系统之间的评分值差异较大,水资源子系统评分值整体处于下降趋势,研究期内平均评分值达0.622 2,总体评分值较高,社会经济子系统和水环境子系统评分值呈上升趋势,两者为水环境承载力的提升奠定了基础;人口密度过大,水资源开发利用率过高、年均用水总量较高,人均水资源量较少,压裂液返排率较低成为制约威远县页岩气开发水环境承载力的关键因素。可见对威远县页岩气开发水环境承载力的评价针对性强,可以更为有效的为提高威远县水环境承载力提出针对性的优化和建议。     

锦州市城市水资源承载力评价与分析

目的水资源短缺问题已经成为锦州市经济发展的制约因素,针对锦州市的用水现状,从水资源、环境、经济以及社会等角度综合评价锦州市水资源承载力的大小,为锦州市经济可持续发展提供理论依据.方法基于锦州市水资源数据、社会经济数据、水文数据等,通过查阅文献、实地调研和数据整理,运用可持续发展理论,分析锦州市水资源现状,采用"虚拟水赤字评价方法"和"经济社会及生态环境评价方法"分别从广义和狭义水资源的角度对锦州市水资源承载力进行评价.结果锦州市2011—2015年水资源承载力从广义水资源角度看,除了2014年和2015年特枯水年时,水资源严重不足;2011—2013年水资源对经济、社会及生态的发展仍处于可支撑的范围;2011—2013年区域水资源对虚拟水的生产和消费均处于可支撑状态;2014年和2015年锦州市的水资源量不足以供给城市的生产生活、消费和经济发展的用水需求;由于水资源的不足,锦州市对地下水资源进行超采,导致地下水位逐年下降,造成了水量及水质的破坏.结论锦州市的水资源承载力已经严重不足,应当大力发展科技,找到合理利用绿水资源的科技手段,来提高水资源的利用效率,使锦州市的水资源承载力得到提升.     

杭州市土地资源综合承载力评价及耦合协调性研究

基于"经济-社会-生态环境"研究框架构建杭州市土地综合承载力指标体系,并通过改进的均方差TOPSIS模型、障碍度模型及耦合协调模型,对杭州市2007-2016年土地综合承载力进行了综合评价.研究结果表明:2007-2016年,杭州市土地综合承载力呈波动降低态势,承载力级别呈现良好转向中级的趋势.2007-2016年,承载力子系统障碍度从大到小依次是生态环境承载力系统、社会承载力系统和经济承载力系统.2007-2016年杭州市耦合度和耦合协调协调度变化态势呈现差异性,其中耦合度处于高水平耦合阶段,但协调度评价结果距离优质协调仍有着不小的差距.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-