二环已基－18－冠－6钾涂丝电极研究与应用

研究以二环已基－１８－冠－６钾为电活性物质的ＰＶＣ涂丝电极测定钾离子的方法．该电极对Ｋ＋的Ｎｅｒｎｓｔ响应范围为１０－２～１０－５ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，级差为５６ｍＶ／ｐＫ＋，检测下限为８．９１×１０－６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１（ＫＣｌ），转换系数为９６．３％，适用ｐＨ范围为４．０～８．０，电极的再现性、选择性、响应时间均较好，且用于血清中Ｋ＋含量的测定，结果与用火焰光度法测定相一致．     

PVC膜铜（Ⅱ）离子选择性电极的研制及应用

用Ａｇ＿２Ｓ和ＣｕＳ以８∶１（或１４∶３）的比混合物做为活性物质，用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（ＤＯＰ）为增塑剂。首次研制了非均相ＰＶＣ膜铜离子选择性电极，电极的能斯特响应范围为５．０×１０￣（－６）～１．０×１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１），平均斜率为３０ｍＶ／ＰＣＵ（２５℃），电极的重现性和稳定性都比较好，电极的寿命可达三个月。用试制的ＰＶＣ膜铜离子选择性电极测定了铜合金中铜的含量与经典法碘量法所得结果相吻合，还用试制的电极测定了标准精镁试样中微量铜的含量与标准值一致。     

石英谐振式NH_3敏元件

以在ＡＴ切型，Ａｕ做电极的石英振子上涂覆适当厚度的Ｌ（＋）抗坏血酸为敏感膜，制作气敏元件．实验表明，该元件对微量ＮＨ３（＜３．３×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）具有很高的频率响应和灵敏度；对８．２×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｈ２，ＣＯ，ＣＨ４，Ｃ４Ｈ１０及８．２×１０－７ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２Ｓ感度很低，有良好的选择性．     

新型全固态铁离子敏感电极研究

采用稀土电极材料六硼化镧制备了一种新的全固态铁离子敏感电极。研究了该敏感电极在常见介质中对Ｆｅ３＋的响应行为。结果表明，该铁离子敏感电极在１．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＰＯ４介质中的线性响应范围、检测下限和响应斜率分别为１．０×１０－５～１．０×１０－１ｍｏｌ／ＬＦｅ３＋，６．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ＬＦｅ３＋和６０ｍＶ／ｐＣ，且具有较好的选择性。     

水溶液中尼古丁电离常数的测定

以尼古丁－硅钨酸作活性物质,邻苯二甲酸二（２—乙基己）酯作增塑剂,Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ电极为内参比电极,构成ＰＶＣ 膜尼古丁选择性电极。在２０～５５ ℃范围内,电极对１．０ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ尼古丁溶液的响应电位随温度增加呈线性上升趋势,温度效应系数为１．０５ ｍ Ｖ／℃。当ｐＨ 为５～７ 时,电极对８．０×１０－ ５～１．０×１０－ １ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ 的尼古丁标准溶液具有良好的能斯特响应,工作直线斜率为５４ ｍ Ｖ／ｐＣ。通过调节试液２５ ℃时的ｐＨ 值在２．５～８．５ 范围内变化,测量１．０×１０－ ３ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ、１．０×１０－ ２ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ、１．０×１０－ １ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ 的尼古丁标准溶液的电位,绘制ｐＨ－ｍ Ｖ 曲线并计算求得尼古丁在水溶液中的平均电离常数值。     

丁二酮肟碳糊化学修饰电极直接电位法测定微量镍的研究

研究了一种以丁二酮肟（Ｃ４Ｈ８Ｎ２Ｏ２，ＤＭＧ）为修饰剂的碳糊化学修饰电极（ＣＭＥ）。该电极在ｐＨ＝８．８的ＮＨ３－ＮＨ４Ｃｌ缓冲溶液中，对Ｎｉ２＋浓度的负对数有线性电位响应。线性范围是５．０×１０－７～１．０×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。电极修饰简单、性能稳定，每修饰一次可稳定测试１０个标准系列。对钢铁试样中的微量Ｎｉ进行了测定，效果良好     

球形催化剂中钙的测定

本文利用钙离子选择性电极的高选择性，建立了在大量Ｆｅ￣（３＋）存在下测定钙的新分析方法。该法仪器简单、操作方便、快速，电极响应范围为Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度在１．００Ｘ１０￣（－４）～１．００Ｘ１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ．Ｌ￣（－１）之间，检测限为８．０Ｘ１０￣（－７）ｍｏｌ．Ｌ￣（－１）。对球形催化剂中钙的测定，回收率为８６．ｏ％～８９．ｏ％，ＲＳＤ为０．９０９％和１．０３％     

锑在弱碱溶液中阳极成膜规律的研究

利用恒电位阳极极化电流与极化时间的关系、线性电位扫描及Ｘ射线衍射研究了锑在２．５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／ｍ３ＮａＨＣＯ３＋２．５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／ｍ３Ｎａ２ＣＯ３＋５．０×１０－４ｍｏｌ／ｍ３Ｎａ２ＳＯ４溶液中（ｐＨ＝９．１，３０℃）于１．２Ｖ（ＶＳ．ＳＣＥ）阳极成膜３ｈ，阳极成膜规律及膜相组成与结构。实验结果表明，本工作中的阳极膜主要由Ｓｂ２Ｏ３（斜方）晶体构成，成膜规律为锑的溶解与锑氧离子ＳｂＯ＋的生成→锑氧化物膜的形成与增厚→氧化物膜的钝化。     

Co－5－Cl－PADAB间接法测定汞

本文研究了Ｃｏ－５－Ｃｌ－ＰＡＤＡＢ间接测汞的方法。用汞定量将Ｃｏ（ＤＤＴＣ）＿２／ＣＨＣｌ＿３溶液解析，Ｃｏ￣（２＋）进入水相与钴试剂反应生成水溶性紫红色络合物，以加入钴试剂的水样为参比，在５７ｎｍ处测定水溶液的吸光度。汞含量在０～５×１０￣（－３）ｇ／Ｌ之间遵守比尔定律，最低检出限为６．４×１０￣（－５）ｇ／Ｌ，该方法操作简单快速，选择性好。     

痕量铁的在线监测研究

根据在邻菲罗啉的活化下Ｆｅ３＋对ＫＩＯ４氧化罗丹明Ｂ褪色的催化作用，利用流动注射技术，建立了一个痕量铁的在线监测的新方法．该方法Ｆｅ３＋的浓度在０～８×１０－５ｇ／Ｌ和８×１０－５～２．８×１０－４ｇ／Ｌ范围内分段与褪色效应呈良好线性相关，检出限为：１×１０－７ｇ／ＬＦｅ３＋（３δ）；ＲＳＤ≤１．６％（ｃ＝５×１０－５ｇ／Ｌ，ｎ＝１１）．利用该方法对水样中铁进行在线监测，效果满意     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with