猪粪收集与蝇蛆养殖结合之生态治理

本文介绍了福建省沙县闽富种猪有限公司创建的猪粪收集与蝇蛆养殖结合,“养猪→粪便→蝇蛆→养猪(禽、鱼)”之生态循环治理模式,建立猪粪污染治理的长效机制,从而提高养猪业的综合经济效益.     

蝇蛆提高对虾抗杆状病毒感染能力的初步研究

室内试验表明，投饲蝇蛆起始时间至少需在病毒侵袭前10d，对对虾起始死亡时间和50％，90％死亡时间才有明显的延缓，分别较对照组延长1．76，3．04，4．1倍；蝇蛆可以显著提高对虾的抗杆状病毒感染能力，激活对虾的酚氧化酶系统。田间试验表明，投喂有蝇蛆的虾池，存在时间平均为64d，不投喂蝇蛆的对虾，存活时间平均为33.5d。1993年投喂蝇蛆的虾池平均每天死虾数小于存池量的0．023％，1994年平均每天死虾数占存池数的0．015％，经PCR检测证实，1993，1994年对虾中杆状病毒病变的个体仅占1．15％。     

不同菌株对猪粪的除臭效果研究

以本实验室保存的8种菌株对猪粪进行处理,以氨气（NH3）和硫化氢（H2S）的去除率为除臭指标,以有效磷含量为指标判定除臭后粪肥的肥力,并对菌株2、B1和PI进行了革兰氏染色鉴定.结果表明：菌株1、2能明显抑制猪粪中NH3的产生,去除率分别为56.99%和53.31%;菌株14、B1、W-1和Dn-101能明显抑制猪粪中H2S的产生,去除率分别为81.64%、66.29%、65.66%和60.13%;菌株2、B1、PI处理后,猪粪样品有效磷含量的增加率分别为55.59%、26.82%和27.23%.     

蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓肥料化处理

在猪粪、牛粪中添加不同比例蔬菜废弃物,研究蚯蚓处理混合底料过程中pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的动态变化,并对蚯蚓处理产物中的有效活菌含量和微生物多样指数进行分析.结果表明:混合底料经60 d蚯蚓处理后,pH值、有机质和全氮含量降低,全磷和全钾含量升高,猪粪组有机质和全磷含量明显高于牛粪组,但全钾含量明显低于牛粪组;猪粪组无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌的数量显著高于牛粪组,在硅酸盐菌、固氮菌和根瘤菌的数量上2个实验组无显著差异;混合底料经蚯蚓处理后的微生物多样性指数均显著优于常规堆肥方式,蚯蚓处理可以有效降低物料的臭味.为蚯蚓处理蔬菜废弃物、秸秆和畜禽粪便等有机废弃物提供理论依据.     

杭州地区猪粪重金属含量及形态分布的初步研究

研究了杭州地区猪粪重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量及Cu、Zn化学形态分布．结果显示,重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd平均含量分别为330．36mg／kg,485．74mg／kg,18．99mg／kg和0．59mg／kg,参照德国腐熟堆肥重金属限量标准,存在严重的Cu超标现象,样本超标率为55．6％;其次为Zn,样本超标率为11．1％,Cd样本超标率5．6％,Pb无超标现象;超标样品中以集约化养殖场猪粪为主;重金属污染猪粪Cu、Zn化学形态分布均以铁锰态为主．     

含竹炭及竹醋液猪粪堆肥用作黑麦草生长基质的效果研究

利用黑麦草盆栽试验,研究了3种不同类型猪粪堆肥添加对草坪基质理化性质及黑麦草生长状况的影响,以期为猪粪堆肥合理用作草坪基质减少耕层土壤消耗提供科学依据。结果表明,与添加普通猪粪堆肥相比,添加含竹炭、竹炭+竹醋液猪粪堆肥的处理更有利于提高盆栽草坪基质养分含量;黑麦草各项指标在堆肥添加比例15%时最大,含竹炭、竹炭+竹醋液猪粪堆肥添加显著增加了黑麦草分蘖数、株高、植株干重、叶绿素及氮磷含量;盆栽基质及黑麦草根、叶Cu、Zn含量均随着堆肥添加比例的增加而增加,但添加含较多竹炭堆肥的处理显著降低了盆栽基质及黑麦草根、叶Cu、Zn含量。因此,竹炭、竹炭+竹醋液作为猪粪堆肥调理剂,可提高盆栽草坪基质养分含量,促进植物生长;含较多竹炭的猪粪堆肥添加还可以减少黑麦草对基质中重金属的吸收,降低潜在的污染风险。     

腹泻鸡粪培养蝇蛆抗菌肽对大肠杆菌感染雏鸡疗效的观察

为了探究用腹泻鸡粪培养的蝇蛆抗菌肽对大肠杆菌感染雏鸡的疗效,试验选用艾维茵肉仔鸡120只,大肠杆菌感染致腹泻组(90只),未感染健康组(30只)。收集各组粪培养的蝇蛆,粗提抗菌肽并测定其浓度,再用腹泻鸡粪培养的蝇蛆抗菌肽和抗生素分别治疗腹泻鸡,测定各试验组腹泻鸡血液免疫细胞、肠道细菌数,治愈率。结果显示:蝇蛆抗菌肽与抗生素治疗腹泻组后,红细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞数量均显著低于对照组(未治疗组)(P<0.01),肠道细菌数量也显著低于对照组(未治疗组)(P<0.05)。虽然抗生素治疗鸡腹泻的效果稍微优于蝇蛆抗菌肽,但这也说明腹泻鸡粪培养的蝇蛆抗菌肽对大肠杆菌感染引起的腹泻鸡也具有治疗作用。     

施用猪粪农田重金属分布迁移和污染评价

对5个典型的堆肥或施用猪粪尿的农田土壤重金属垂直分布进行了研究。结果显示猪粪的施用可以增加土壤中有机质的含量并使土壤pH值升高。且土壤深度的增加与pH值的升高表现为极显著正相关（p〈0.01）。施用猪粪土壤中Cd和Zn在不同深度土层中呈“峰”型分布．而Cu在不同深度土层中表现为上部富集。Cu，Zn，Cd在农田土壤系统下的迁移能力如下：Cd〉Zn〉Cu。重金属的迁移是个复杂的过程，不但与土壤pH值和有机质含量有关．而且还受其他因素控制。     

舍蝇蛆集约化生产的研究

１９９２￣１９９４年在河北山海关，辽宁丹东及浙江山门等地，对舍蝇蛆集约化生产进行了研究，日产鲜蛆达１５０￣２００ｋｇ，由卵到成品蛆的时间可提前１￣２天，蛆料比可达０．４￣０．５，产投比为３￣４．５。４天内蛆体体重可增长１３４￣２２０倍。     

清洁生产在水稻种植业应用的技术创新

分析了水稻种植业中的测土配方施肥、控施肥和深施肥、生物肥、肥料增效剂、节水种稻、生物农药、秸秆还田等方面的清洁生产技术措施。研究了水稻种植业系统内部结构与外界自然环境之间的关系，通过能值指标分析水稻种植的能值产投比；分析了水稻清洁生产的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益．提出水稻生态系统能值调控措施及推广策略     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the