制备条件对Ru/ZrO_2·xH_2O催化酯加氢制备醇活性的影响

文章采用共沉淀法制备了Ru/ZrO2.xH2O催化剂对丙酸甲酯进行加氢反应研究,并用XRD和XPS对反应前后催化剂进行了表征。考察了催化剂制备时机械搅拌速度、沉淀剂的种类、沉淀时溶液PH值、催化剂灼烧温度及金属担载量等因素对Ru/ZrO2.xH2O催化性能影响。结果表明,增加搅拌速度、选择合适的沉淀剂以及Ru担载量能够明显提高催化剂加氢活性,而加大沉淀时溶液PH和升高催化剂灼烧温度则对催化剂性能有抑制作用。     

溢流床反应器AMS加氢合成异丙苯

用自制的Pd／γ—Al2O3催化剂在溢流反应器中进行了α—甲基苯乙烯(简称AMS)催化加氢合成异丙苯反应条件的研究，探讨了反应温度、氢气压力、催化剂载量、液体流量(空时)、氢气放空速率对反应的影响．在实验条件范围内可使AMS转化为异丙苯的转化率和选择性都达到100％．     

水溶性钌-钯双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru／Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能．实验结果表明，在原位合成的Ru—TPPTS催化体系中添加PdCl2后，催化剂的活性明显提高，尤其是0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂表现出显著的钌和钯之间的双金属协同效应．在PB2=1．0MPa，70℃，反应70min的条件下，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯中硝基选择性加氢反应时转化率达到100％，生成对-氯苯胺选择性为92．3％．对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS也表现出很高的催化活性和较高的生成卤代苯胺选择性．     

负载Pt催化剂在卤代硝基苯氢化反应中的催化性能研究

考察了常压、303K反应条件下，γ—Al2O3、TiO2和ZrO2上负载的铂催化剂在卤代硝基苯的氢化反应中的催化性能，同时考察了过渡金属(Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni和Cu)改性Pt/ZrO2的催化性能．不同负载的铂催化剂加氢活性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3＞Pt/ZrO2，相应的对氯苯胺(p—CAN)选择性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／ZrO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3．KBH4处理过的催化剂显示了较高的催化活性．Mn、Fe和Co的引入同时提高了Pt／ZrO2催化剂的催化活性和p—CAN选择性．PtNi／ZrO2催化剂随着Ni含量的增加，催化活性降低，但产物p—CAN的选择性都超过99％．     

催化湿式氧化处理高浓度酣醛树脂废水的研究

以固定床反应器连续反应装置,对酚醛树脂生产过程中产生的高浓度废水进行催化湿式氧化处理。实验表明,以陶瓷-活性炭球为载体制备的CeO2催化剂在处理废水时具有较好的催化活性。通过对反应温度、反应压力、反应空速、气液比和进水pH等工艺条件的考察,得出最佳的工艺条件为:反应温度为200℃,氧气分压为1.5MPa,空速为1.0h-1,气液比为23.79,进水pH为9.0,在此条件下化学需氧量(COD)和苯酚去除率分别达到92.4%和96.2%。     

Cu担载量对Cu/ACF吸附-催化氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法成功制备了活性炭纤维负载铜(Cu/ACF)催化剂,运用XRD、ICP-AES、XPS、TG-MS以及N_2吸附等方法对Cu/ACF吸附-催化剂进行表征,并探讨了催化剂中Cu担载量对苯酚催化氧化的影响.结果表明:ACF自身没有催化氧化苯酚的活性;Cu担载量分别为1%和3%的Cu/ACF在苯酚吸附饱和后的催化氧化过程中,氧化产物以某种中间化合物形态残留在催化剂表面,随着温度的升高最终将与炭纤维一起烧蚀;Cu担载量为5%的Cu/ACF所吸附的苯酚可被氧化成CO-_2和H_2O,初始氧化温度为315℃,5次循环吸附-催化氧化后苯酚吸附量趋于稳定,表现出良好的稳定性.     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成葡萄糖五丙酸酯

报道了新型催化剂TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化酯化合成葡萄糖五丙酸酯的糖酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明：TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成葡萄糖五丙酸脂的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：糖酸摩尔比1：6．催化剂的用量为反应液的2．0％．酯化反应时间为2.0h,反应温度95℃～105℃．反应产率可达84．5％。     

氧化镁助剂对一步法合成吲哚的Cu/SiO2催化剂性能影响的研究

采用分步等体积浸渍法制备了Cu／SiO2-MgO催化剂，并将其用于一步法合成吲哚的反应．结果表明，当Cu／SiO2-MgO催化剂中含摩尔比0．25％铜担载量的MgO助剂时，焙烧温度为500℃，并在150℃下经混合气还原后，其催化性能最佳，吲哚的收率可达96％；当Cu／SiO2-MgO催化剂中的晶体达到一定结晶度时，其选择性很高，铜晶体的结晶度过高或过低都会导致副产物增多，吲哚的选择性降低．同时，加入氧化镁助剂能提高催化剂的稳定性．     

催化湿式氧化法处理含酚废水

进行了CuO／A12O3、CuO-MnO2／Al2O3、CuO-K2O／Al2O3、CuO／CeO2催化剂在160℃和1．6MPa的氧气压力条件下，催化氧化法处理含酚废水的实验，结果表明催化剂CuO／CeO2具有最高的催化活性，COD为3000ms／L左右含酚废水，反应50min后降解97％。并测定了在135～165℃和1.6MPa氧气压力下。加入催化剂CuO／Al2O3氧化含酚废水的COD与时间的的关系，求取了反应的动力学方程。初步探讨了氧分压和溶液的pH对催化氧化反应速率的影响。     

PVP-2Ru／1Pt双金属胶体催化氢化氯代硝基苯

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为保护剂,乙醇为还原剂,乙醇-水为溶剂制备了PVP-2Ru／1Pt双金属胶体．以PVP-2Ru／1Pt催化间氯硝基苯（m-CNB）和对氯硝基苯（p-CNB）的催化氢化反应．考察了底物浓度、催化剂浓度和反应温度等因素的影响．当反应温度为30℃,氢气压力为0．1MPa时,反应速率分别可达0．0545（m-CNB）和0．0542（p-CNB）s^-1,转化率均可达到100％,间氯苯胺和对氯苯胺的选择性分别可达99．3％和〉99．9％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.