基于构件重要性系数的结构易损性分析

为了有效地管理大型复杂结构并减少各种灾害的损失,采用数值计算方法,对结构易损性和连续倒塌展开研究已成为目前国际社会研究的热点。从结构易损性的基本原理入手,提出了一种基于构件重要性系数的结构易损性分析方法。它基于构件刚度的重要性系数,并通过其与冗余度的关系来求出各构件的冗余度,用结构的整体冗余度和构件的局部冗余度来搜索结构的失效模式,以此来寻找结构中的薄弱环节,并通过结构的应变能来寻找结构的最易损失效路径。最后通过一个五层钢框架算例来验证。研究发现,所提出的方法是可行的、有效的。     

基于冗余度理论的深基坑环梁支撑优化分析

在基坑支护结构优化过程中,为了保证优化过程的合理性和优化后支护结构的安全性,引入冗余度理论对基坑支护结构进行优化。依据南宁市九洲国际深基坑工程实例中的环梁支护结构进行结构优化分析。采用杆件拆除法,对基坑支护结构失效情况进行数值模拟,并依据冗余度理论判断失效杆件的重要程度,最终得到优化结构。从而得出结论:冗余度大的杆件重要性小,可优先考虑优化此类杆件;最终确定的优化杆件需结合冗余度和杆件轴力变化共同判断;环梁支撑杆件的冗余度最小,重要性程度最高,是主要受力杆件。依照此种方法得到的优化结构,既能满足结构的冗余度要求,又节约了成本,为类似支护结构优化和冗余度研究提供了参考。     

撞击速度对载货油船舷侧碰撞损伤的影响分析

为探究撞击速度对载货双壳油船舷侧结构碰撞损伤的影响,运用非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立载货油船碰撞数值模型,在此基础上通过对碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力、结构吸能、舱内液货动能以及撞深变化等参数进行对比分析,阐述撞击速度对载货状态下双壳油船碰撞损伤的影响。研究结果表明,在双壳油船碰撞性能的研究过程中,撞击速度对载货双壳油船舷侧损伤具有重要影响作用。     

基于结构易损性的斜拉桥多灾害安全性能研究

通过研究多灾害下结构安全性能,提出一种直接方法用于评价未知灾害:考虑结构发生脆性破坏,分析相应关键构件失效对结构影响的程度.采用基于刚度的方法计算结构构件的重要性系数,结合敏感性分析得到结构冗余度水平指标,并针对典型斜拉桥结构进行了分析.本文方法能够判断结构的薄弱环节,评估结构易损性能,为结构加固和维护提供了一定的理论依据.     

基于结构易损性的斜拉桥多灾害安全性能研究

通过研究多灾害下结构安全性能， 提出一种直接方法用于评价未知灾害： 考虑结构发生脆性破坏， 分析相应关键构件失效对结构影响的程度. 采用基于刚度的方法计算结构构件的重要性系数， 结合敏感性分析得到结构冗余度水平指标， 并针对典型斜拉桥结构进行了分析. 本文方法能够判断结构的薄弱环节， 评估结构易损性能， 为结构加固和维护提供了一定的理论依据.     

考虑路径冗余和出行效率的路段重要性排序

为合理评估交通网络中路段的失效对出行者路径选择及路网运行效率的影响,提出了一种综合考虑路径冗余度指数和出行效率指数的路段重要性排序方法。在路段失效前后两种情形下,采用基于可行合理路径的随机用户均衡模型进行流量分配和路径搜索,流量只能够在可行合理路径集上进行加载,当路径阻抗超过最短路径的容忍倍数时,路径流量为零,最终可得到路段失效前后可行合理路径数量的改变程度指标和个体出行时耗的变化程度指标。对指标进行z-score标准化处理后赋予相应的权重,得出路段重要性的综合评价值。采用Nguyen-Dupuis网络开展了测试分析,结果表明:该方法能够模拟路段失效后路网的变化情况并实现对路段重要性的排序,其结果可作为交通管理者拥堵防控策略的制定提供理论支撑,也能够为关键路段识别、道路封闭影响评价等提供理论依据。     

二层钢框架—组合楼板体系抗倒塌试验研究

框架梁设计时按组合梁考虑混凝土楼板刚度,设计2层钢框架—组合楼板结构体系,采用卷扬机对拟失效柱突然施加水平力将其从体系中"去除",进行抗倒塌试验研究剩余结构抗倒塌性能.试验结果表明:由于组合楼板的加强作用,试验框架具有较高的冗余度,组合楼板和框架梁共同作用,提供了较高的抗弯刚度,使得框架柱失效后形成新的荷载路径,各构件未发生继发性破坏.由此可见,采用组合楼板时,按现行规范进行设计的框架结构具有较高的冗余度,混凝土楼板在框架结构抗倒塌性能分析中的作用需要进一步评估.     

基于矩阵力法的杆系结构可靠度计算方法

在基于矩阵力法的单位载荷算法计算出杆系结构破坏过程中结构内力的基础上 ,使用一次二阶矩法计算了元件的可靠度 ,并通过结构失效的判断准则确定结构失效路径 ,采用分枝 -限界法从众多的失效模式中搜索结构的主要失效模式。使用PNET方法计算了结构的失效概率。     

基于矩阵力法的杆系结构可靠度计算方法

在基于矩阵力法的单位载荷算法计算出杆系结构破坏过程中结构内力的基础上，使用一次二阶矩法计算了元件的可靠度，并通过结构失效的判断准则确定结构失效路径，采用分枝-限界法从众多的失效模式中搜索结构的主要失效模式。使用PNET方法计算了结构的失效概率。     

基于局部自适应代理模型的复合材料结构可靠性评估

为了评估复合材料复杂结构的可靠性,开展基于局部自适应代理模型的可靠性评估方法研究.针对复合材料翼盒结构,建立基于局部自适应算法的应力响应面代理模型和基于Weibull分布的强度分布模型,并基于蒙特卡洛法与Hashin准则计算翼盒结构的可靠性;同时开展复合材料翼盒结构的准静态拉伸试验,获得失效位置、失效形式及力-位移曲线,并以二项分布估计试验结果的置信度.结果表明：翼盒结构的失效位置位于上端拐角处,失效形式为基体剪切断裂与纤维拔出,材料参数中剪切模量对失效位置应力响应影响最大,结构需要优化设计减小拐角处剪切应力;基于局部自适应代理模型的可靠性评估数值分析结果与试验结果相对误差为5.295%,准确地评估了结构的可靠性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-