城市开放空间夜间光环境的人性化设计

文章从当前城市开放空间光环境设计的现状及问题入手,通过探寻人性化缺失的根源,从多方面分析了问题产生的原因。并以马斯洛的需求层次论为理论依据,论述了城市开放空间夜间光环境设计与人的需求之间的关系。     

住区绿化对住宅环境质量的影响

针对健康住宅提出的环境指标要求，通过改善住宅外环境一住区环境的途径来推动住宅环境指标的实现，分析了影响环境质量的因素，着重探讨了绿化对环境质量因素作用的机理，提出了住区绿化的原则。     

高层建筑外部空间的形态构成

对城市建筑环境中高层建筑外部空间的形态构成进行了分析,并从外部空间的类型、外部空间的尺度感、外部空间的闭合与开放、外部空间的环境层次四个方面对其进行了详细论述。     

建成环境与共享单车流率的非线性关系研究

共享单车流率的大小体现了城市空间环境内车辆盈缺的程度，理解其变化及其诱因对于城市单车的调度具有重要意义。由于出行目的和外界环境因素的复杂多变，共享单车流率和建成环境特征之间的关系很难通过具有线性假设的统计学模型来解析。基于此，本研究利用上海市中心城区的共享单车数据，基于极端梯度提升树模型(XG‐Boost)和机器学习的解释性方法部分依赖图(PDP)来探究建成环境对共享单车流率的贡献度和非线性影响，以及流率的非线性模式在工作日和周末的变化。结果显示，特征重要度和非线性机制在两个时段差异化显著。居住人口密度、教育设施密度和住宅设施密度对工作日单车流率的解释度较高，分别为 19.18%、13.16% 和 12.92%，并且具有明显的阈值效应。其中居住人口密度和教育设施密度对于单车净流出率具有正向影响，分别在 11 600 人/km²和 8 个/km²达到最大；住宅设施密度对单车净流出率具有负向影响，对应的阈值为 40 个/km²。各变量对周末单车流率的解释度差异较小，但非线性关系仍不可忽视。具体来说，到市中心的距离和公交线数密...     

居住心理需求与城镇住宅设计

随着人们需求和居住环境的不断变化，城市住宅建设进入一个新的阶段，人们的住宅形式也发生了巨大的变化。居住需求对住宅形式的形成起着关键性的作用。因此，要进行住宅设计，就必须要从分析人的居住需求入手，分析人的居住需求则需从人的居住心理出发。     

济南自然景观变迁对鸟类群落的影响

作者讨论了鸟类群落结构与环境变化的关系．结果在明鸟类群落组成、分布状况与环境类型和自然景观变迁有关。环境结构类型决定鸟类群落结构和生态分布，自然景观变迁、植被结构和植物群落发育状况均对鸟类群落的演替及其变化程度有着深刻影响。城市鸟类群落特征是由城市环境空间异质性低决定的，为改善城市环境应丰富植被物种，增加植被层次和绿化面积，建设、保留一定面积的景观绿带、绿岛，有利于鸟类利用廊道作用向市内输入，增加城市鸟类的多样性，发挥鸟类在城市生态系统中的作用。     

关于整体营造绿色住宅环境的思考

整体营造绿色住宅环境，是人类进步的表现，是当代人对自身生活空间更高质量的要求。结合生态、环保、健康等时代主题，从住宅室内外空间结构、陈设艺术、建筑装饰材料、日光照明与灯光照明、噪声与空气污染、无障碍设计以及物业管理等角度，分析了绿色住宅环境的整体营造理念：“以人为本”，使人“在身体上、精神上、社会上完全处于良好的状态”。     

城市轨道交通及BRT周边地区职住平衡与建成环境的关系研究：以合肥市为例

轨道交通可重塑城市职住空间格局,其在承担长距离通勤出行的同时也使得职住空间进一步分离﹒为了交通基础设施与城市空间的协调发展,本研究采用宜出行热力数据分析了合肥市中心城区的职住空间分布,并基于职住比将站域划分为职住平衡、就业型和居住型3种职住空间类型,运用多元logistic回归模型探究其建成环境与职住平衡类型之间的关系﹒结果表明：合肥市中心城区已形成以老城区、政务区和滨湖新区为核心的多中心城市空间结构;站域的就业密度及其土地利用混合度与密度对职住平衡有显著影响;轨道交通站点有助于就业中心的形成,但对居住型的职住空间影响不大;BRT(bus rapid transit)对职住空间类型的影响并不显著﹒该研究结果可为依托轨道交通重塑城市职住格局、改善职住平衡提供支撑﹒     

城市住宅的变化

经历了无数次变革后，目前，城市住宅在数量和质量上得到了提高和改善。本文将针对城市住宅在户型和使用功能上的变化进行总结和分析，来阐述城市住宅的变化。     

浅谈景观设计中的地形处理及利用

在园林景观设计中,地形是构成园林的骨架,地形的处理对人的视觉感知和整体的协调性起着决定性的作用,不仅影响空间的构成,同时也影响着人们的空间感受.得当的地形处理方式有利于改善景观的整体层次,有利于改善植物的种植环境和条件,丰富景观的要素、完善园林层次、组织景观空间.本文主要通过对地形的处理作用的理解,以及如何更好地利用地影来进行探讨.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-