含有缺陷的二维光子晶体能带特性

为进一步研究有缺陷光子晶体的能带特性，并以此作为光子晶体器件的设计理论依据，利用倒易空间的概念，得到了正方晶格的最小布里渊区的分布、采用时域有限差分加Bloch边界方法得到了二维光子晶体的能带特性．结合超元胞的方法计算了含有点缺陷和线缺陷的光子晶体的特性，并且得到了缺陷模式的场分布，通过对能带特性的分析，将对光子晶体的研究从量子阱结构发展到了量子点结构．     

由麦克斯韦方程组推导光子晶体本征方程

光子晶体理论分析中应用最早、最广的一种方法就是平面波展开法。在计算光子晶体光子能带结构时,平面波展开法直接应用了结构的周期性,将麦克斯韦方程从实空间变换到离散傅立叶空间,将能带计算简化为对代数本征值问题的求解。     

平面波展开法计算一维光子晶体能带

通过计算光子晶体的特性,寻找符合要求的的光子晶体微结构是制作光子晶体的必要环节。本文利用平面波展开法研究了无限周期一维光子晶体的能带结构。通过一维光子晶体在不同角度传播时的能带结构可以看出,TE模和TM模能带结构随着传播角度的变化趋势却并不相同：在00到450范围内,TE模的第一带隙宽度变化不大主要是位置有些移动;而TM模的除了第一带隙的位置移动外第一带隙的宽度也明显在逐渐减小,尤其在450时第一带隙完全消失,这样在450附近一维光子晶体就会出现明显的偏振现象。这与用特征传输矩阵法所得到的结论是一致的。     

应用平面波展开法计算色散和各向异性二维磁性光子晶体的带隙

磁性光子晶体因其构成材料磁导率不为1且受外加磁场调节,近年来被广泛讨论,对磁性光子晶体能带的计算也随之成为热点.本文首度研究了由色散且各向异性材料构成的二维磁性光子晶体能带的计算方法,从Maxwell方程组推导出具有复杂电磁参数的周期结构能带计算的本征方程,对经典的平面波展开直接求特征值法做出改进,利用寻根方法计算出由Mg-Mn铁氧体圆柱和有机玻璃构成的三角格子二维磁性光子晶体在外加磁场下TM模式的能带结构.计算得到的带隙位置与相同结构的光子晶体全波仿真的传输谱相一致,与实际制备的磁性光子晶体样品的实验测量结果也相当吻合,证明了改进的平面波展开法在色散和各向异性材料构成的光子晶体能带计算中准确性和可靠性,进而肯定了平面波展开法在任意电磁参数特性的光子晶体能带结构计算中的适用性.     

二维光子晶体中负折射现象的研究与仿真

使用光子晶体能带结构和等频面（EFS）方法对二维光子晶体中的负折射现象进了研究和仿真．得到了二维光子晶体中出现负折射率现象的频率范围．使用时域有限差分法（FDTD）对光波在二维光子晶体界面和晶体中的传播进行了数值仿真研究．由仿真结果发现在一定的频率范围内,在二维光子晶体中确实可以发现光波的负折射传播现象．     

介电常数对比度对光子晶体平带的影响

光子晶体是由不同介电常数材料构成的具有周期性空间排布的人工微结构.周期性调制的介电常数使得光子晶体呈现出各种各样的能带结构,其中平带因其无色散的特性引起了人们极大的关注.为了研究影响光子晶体平带的影响因素,以二维正方格子介质柱光子晶体为例,通过有限元方法,从数值上系统研究了构成光子晶体单元的两者材料的不同介电常数比值对光子晶体能带平整性的影响.研究结果表明,通过降低介质柱周围的介电常数可以获得较好的平带,从而为获得和进一步研究光子晶体近平带提供新的方法.     

一维光子晶体本征模频率

利用传输矩阵法,严格推导出了一维光子晶体中的本征模频率方程,该本征模频率也就是缺陷模频率,它依赖于缺陷材料的光学常数、大小以及缺陷的类型;不同类型的缺陷会导致其相应的能级类型发生变化.     

光子晶体的能带理论

光子晶体具有光子能带,并且光子能带可能存在光子禁带。我们通过运用光子晶体的能带和禁带理论.就能够控制光在晶体中的传播。光子晶体对光子有着特殊的物理性质,它在光传输和光学器件有着广泛的用途。本文主要概述了光子晶体的概念、能带理论、性质,及光子晶体和半导体的区别和联系。     

一维光子晶体表面模的特性

【目的】研究一维光子晶体表面模的特性,探究使用衰减全反射(ATR)技术激发光子晶体表面模的可行性。【方法】采用超元胞法和迭代菲涅尔方程计算一维光子晶体表面模的色散曲线及其ATR反射谱(利用棱镜装置)。【结果】当一维光子晶体最外层是高折射率层时,改变其厚度可以灵活控制表面模,相同带隙内不同位置的表面模其电场局域性不同;能带图中同一带隙内远离真空光线且居于带隙中部的表面模其电场局域性更强。【结论】利用棱镜装置能激发一维光子晶体的表面波;通过反射谱的形状和极小值点的位置可以判断透射介质的光学性质。     

光子晶体加速结构的初步研究

用有限差分法计算了由金属棒按三角形晶格分布的二维光子晶体的带隙图，计算结果表明：当金属棒半径口和棒间距b比值小于0．2时，二雏光子晶体只有一务带隙，即若引入缺陷，可约束主模、抑制高次模．采用Microwave Studio计算了该种光子晶体微波加速结构的场型分布，结果显示当a／b〈0．2，类TM01模在缺陷中传输，类TM11模（横向模）能传出光子晶体．另外计算了结构尺寸公差对行波单元谐振频率的影响，还模拟计算了带有测试探针的由3个PBG单元构成的谐振腔的S参数．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.