深井沿空掘巷底臌机理研究

分析了国内外回采巷道底臌力学原理及控制技术方面的研究成果。传统的底臌控制研究均围绕巷道底板进行,难以从根本上解决回采巷道底臌控制问题。通过现场试验及理论分析认为,回采巷道底臌的主要影响因素是工作面超前支承压力,回采巷道底臌主要来自底板破碎岩层的峰后变形,而顶板、两帮的变形对底臌亦产生重要影响,因此,回采巷道的底臌控制与巷道围岩整体稳定性有关,在提高巷道围岩整体稳定性的同时,加固帮、角可较好地控制回采巷道的底臌。     

回采巷道底臌力学原理及控制研究新进展

分析了国内外回采巷道底臌力学原理及控制技术方面的研究成果.传统的底臌控制研究均围绕巷道底板进行,难以从根本上解决回采巷道底臌控制问题.通过现场试验及理论分析认为,回采巷道底臌的主要影响因素是工作面超前支承压力,回采巷道底臌主要来自底板破碎岩层的峰后变形,而顶板、两帮的变形对底臌亦产生重要影响,因此,回采巷道的底臌控制与巷道围岩整体稳定性有关,在提高巷道围岩整体稳定性的同时,加固帮、角可较好地控制回采巷道的底臌.参47.     

淮北矿区深井岩石巷道底臌原因分析及防治措施探讨

就淮北矿区而言,随着矿井开采深度的逐渐增加,巷道底臌问题也越来越严重,底臌也成为深部巷道破坏的主要因素,本文通过深入分析煤矿深部巷道底臌原因,提出了"底板锚杆+底板注浆+封闭式支架"底板联合加固措施,以改善深井岩石巷道底臌防治的现状,确保矿井的安全高效生产。     

近距离煤层回采巷道底臌机理与防治技术研究

为探究近距离煤层回采巷道底臌机理与防治技术,以回坡底煤矿1021巷为工程背景,通过力学分析、数值模拟等研究方法,对巷道底板应力场、速度场、最大破坏深度进行研究;对底板铝质泥岩建立力学模型,探究影响压曲临界应力的因素,分析线性荷载系数λ与底臌形态的关系;采用试验法对底板岩样的崩解性、膨胀软化特征进行分析.研究结果表明:巷...     

急倾斜松软煤层回采巷道上帮煤体的稳定性控制

为控制新强煤矿急倾斜松软煤层回采巷道上帮变形失稳,采用理论分析和现场实验相结合的方法对急倾斜煤层回采巷道合理支护方式、支护参数和上帮稳定性控制技术进行研究。结果表明：急倾斜煤层巷道的变形与破坏呈非对称性;采用锚杆支护后,影响上帮稳定性的关键因素是巷道底臌的控制,巷道上帮底角是控制的关键部位。新强煤矿采用文中回采巷道支护参数优化设计方案,巷道变形得到了有效控制,取得了显著的支护效果。     

李子垭矿回采巷道底臌原因分析

本文借助于有限元计算方法,研究了巷道围岩,特别是底板岩层在自重应力及采动影响下的应力分布和破坏情况,找出了李子垭矿回采巷道底臌原因及影响因素,为制定防治回采巷道底臌措施提供了依据,对研究其它矿的巷道底臌问题也具有指导意义。     

矿井深部软岩巷道底膨机理及其防治措施研究

现场实测分析研究表明：底臌是矿井深部巷道变形破坏的主要因素，在对巷道底臌机理进行分析的基础上，提出了防治底臌的综合技术措施，取得了较好的效果。     

底角锚杆控制巷道底臌的数值模拟

随着煤矿开采深度的增加,巷道底臌现象越来越严重。为了寻找一种有效的控制底臌方法,借助数值模拟手段对施加底角锚杆的深部巷道进行受力分析。结果表明:对底板实加底角锚杆后,应力区向巷道深部转移,围岩应力对底板的影响降低,巷道变形量减小。模拟结果及现场应用均证明在条件适合地区,底角锚杆控制技术可以有效控制巷道底臌。     

煤层开拓巷道的锚网喷注修复技术

煤层开拓巷道由于围岩支护强度低,受支承压力影响较大等不利因素的影响,出现了巷道变形严重,甚至底臌的现象,影响矿井正常的生产。通过采取锚杆、金属网、喷砂浆、注高水材料和适当补打锚索等综合支护技术进行修复。实践表明,该技术对于煤层内大断面巷道的修复具有明显效果,确保了矿井的正常生产,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

软岩遇水膨胀引起的巷道底臌

本文通过力学分析,建立了适用于煤矿开采巷道中求解膨胀引起的巷道底臌的数学表达式。基于该式,对现场实际巷道进行了分析,并探讨了膨胀对巷道底臌的影响程度及其影响因素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-