含氰基季铵盐杀菌剂的结构与性能

合成了4种含氰基季铵盐,比较了它们的杀菌活性;探讨了12种含氰基季铵盐的结构与杀菌性能之间的关系;试验了污水含油量、pH 值、温度对杀菌效果的影响及杀菌剂的贮存稳定性。结果表明:含氰基季铵盐的杀菌活性与其分子结构密切相关,分子的结构对称性越高,其杀菌活性越低;在杀菌剂浓度一定的情况下,杀菌剂的杀菌活性随污水含油量的增加而下降;含氰基季铵盐具有良好的贮存稳定性,在偏碱性及温度较高的条件下具有较好的杀菌效果。     

含氰基季铵盐杀菌剂的合成及性能

本文合成了8种含氰基季铵盐,比较了它们的杀菌活性,讨论了结构与杀菌性能之间的关系以及 p H、温度对杀菌效果的影响。实验结果表明:若干含氰基季铵盐具有较高杀菌活性,在偏碱性及温度较高的条件下具有较好的杀菌效果。     

氮杂环季铵盐絮凝──缓蚀剂的研究

本文以含胶植物Ｆ６９１粉为主原料．同含π电子物质喹啉相结合，改性成阳离子型絮凝－缓蚀剂ＦＱ－Ｃ．用试制药剂对高岭土悬浊液进行絮凝试验，其澄清效果与阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺相似．在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液中进行了缓蚀效果测定，在药品用量４ｍｇ／Ｌ情况下，缓蚀率高达９５％以上，比ＥＤＴＭＰＳ等级蚀剂性能明显地高．表明含。电子喹啉季铵益有很好的絮凝净化与缓蚀效果．     

季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂对A3碳钢在盐酸介质中的缓蚀性能

以乙二胺、环氧氯丙烷、十二叔胺等为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,通过开环和季铵化反应合成了季铵盐型低聚表面活性剂。应用腐蚀失重法研究了其在盐酸介质中对A3碳钢的缓蚀及其吸附性能。实验结果表明,在10%(ω)HCL介质中对A3碳钢具有优异的缓蚀性能,表面活性剂分子能自发地吸附在A3钢表面,在40 mg/L时其缓蚀效率已达91.5%,吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

季铵盐在土壤中的吸附行为

通过静态吸附实验研究了土壤对季铵盐的吸附行为,进行吸附等温线的测定并考察吸附时间、吸附温度、土壤有机质含量对吸附效率的影响.结果表明,3种不同土样对季铵盐的吸附等温线均较好地符合Langrnuir吸附模式,并且计算得到各方程组成的参数项数值都能较好地反映土壤的吸附特性.季铵盐在土壤中的吸附过程很快,振荡30min即已达到最大吸附率的90%,1h就达到了吸附平衡.温度的升高不利于季铵盐在土壤中的吸附,温度从25℃升高到45℃,季铵盐的饱和吸附量从32.0mg·g-1降低到29.9 mg·g-1,吸附量与土壤有机质含量具有线性关系,随着有机质含量的增大而增大.     

壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物抗菌机理的初步研究

以硝酸铈铵作催化剂,用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-苄基-二甲基氯化铵和壳聚糖(Chitosan)反应得到一种含季铵离子的壳聚糖接枝共聚物(Chitosan-g-DMAE-BC ),对其抗菌活性进行了测试和抗菌机理进行了初步的研究.用悬液定量杀菌实验对大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)的抗菌特性 ;采用细菌活性实验TTC法和细菌细胞膜完整性的测定,探索了壳聚糖季铵盐型衍生物的抗菌机理.结果表明:壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作用15 min,其杀灭率分别为99.70%和87.40%.壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物有较强的灭菌作用且抗菌机制是首先吸附.壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物吸附细菌后,破坏细菌的细胞膜,致使细胞质内的DNA和RNA流出,从而达到杀灭细菌的效果.     

硫酸盐还原菌对杀菌剂敏感性研究

针对不同油田的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）菌种进行了杀菌试验,结果表明：在初始菌量相同时,不同菌种的SRB对杀菌剂的敏感度具有很大的差异性,SRB在长期低浓度药剂作用下可获得抗药性．进一步杀菌复配试验显示,季铰盐杀菌剂与甲硝唑杀菌剂具有协同杀菌作用．少量溶解氧的存在也能增强杀菌效果,复配使用还可延缓抗药性产生．     

HCl介质中双子季铵盐表面活性剂对碳钢的缓蚀性能

采用质量损失法和电化学方法,研究羟基丙撑双(十二烷基二甲基氯化铵)(HPB)双子型季铵盐表面活性剂在40℃1.0 mol/L HCl、KCl、NaCl和HCl复配缓蚀介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明:HPB是一种性能优异的缓蚀剂,随着浓度的增大,其缓蚀效率逐渐增大,在质量浓度为50 mg/L时,缓蚀效率能达到98%。通过对吸附等温式的探讨,计算出其吸附自由能为-14.64 kJ/mol,推断出HPB在碳钢表面的吸附行为主要为物理吸附。电化学方法的测试结果表明,HPB是一种以抑制阴极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂。     

新型季铵盐的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

介绍了一种新型季铵盐固体DZ-1的合成方法,初步研究了季铵盐作为单组分缓蚀剂对碳钢在盐酸酸洗液中的缓蚀性能,讨论了缓蚀剂浓度、酸液浓度、温度和Fe3+浓度等因素对缓蚀效果影响．实验结果表明,新型季铵盐固体DZ-1具有合成方法简单、不燃不爆、用量低、缓蚀性能好的优点,可直接用作温度低于70℃、浓度小于10％的盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂．     

新型季铵盐的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

介绍了一种新型季铵盐固体DZ－1的合成方法,初步研究了季铵盐作为单组分缓蚀剂对碳钢在盐酸酸洗液中的缓蚀性能,讨论了缓蚀剂浓度,酸液浓度,温度和Fe3 浓度等因素对缓蚀效果影响,实验结果表明,新型季铵盐固体DZ－1具有合成方法简单,不燃不爆,用量低,缓蚀性能好的优点,可直接用作温度低于70度,浓度小于10％的盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.