描述微裂纹成核与扩展的疲劳损伤多尺度模型及其应用

利用多尺度模拟的方法建立了针对疲劳损伤累积过程中微裂纹成核与扩展阶段的疲劳损伤多尺度模型,对模型的有效性进行了实验验证,并将其应用于变幅疲劳载荷下某装甲车传动轴的疲劳寿命评估中.研究结果表明,所提模型能同时预测宏观尺度疲劳损伤与细观尺度微裂纹的成核与扩展率,利用该模型所预测的宏观疲劳损伤值与实验所测值相符.该模型既能合理地描述宏观尺度下不同应力水平的疲劳损伤演化过程,又能综合反映细观尺度下微裂纹的成核与扩展行为.利用这种多尺度疲劳损伤模型可以预测结构在疲劳微裂纹成核与扩展阶段所消耗的疲劳寿命,为各类结构疲劳损伤累积过程评估和准确进行寿命预测提供了一种新途径.     

基于EVA指标的价值评估模型探析

基于EVA指标的企业价值评估模型是EVA指标在企业价值评估领域的具体应用.首先对企业价值评估的涵义进行了界定,然后利用EVA指标构建了基于该指标的价值评估模型,并在此基础上对其适用形式做了尝试性的研究,旨在为广大投资者及管理者评估企业价值提供新的思路.     

企业信誉的多层次灰色评估模型

从企业信誉环境分析入手,对企业信誉评价的一般性指标进行了具体分析.通过对企业信誉问题的基本特征分析,选择了多层次灰色综合评价方法作为企业信誉的评价方法,并简要介绍了关于多层次灰色综合评价方法的基本步骤.最后,从消费者角度出发,建立了对企业信誉的评估的指标体系,在此基础上进行了具体示例的应用分析.     

基于格点型有限体积法的活塞高周疲劳分析

针对柴油机活塞高周疲劳问题,基于格点型有限体积方法(CV-FVM)建立高周疲劳数值模型,并采用C开发求解程序.使用该程序计算矩形孔板的最大等效应力和疲劳寿命,并与有限元法计算值及其他文献的研究结果进行对比,验证了本文模型的正确性.利用该数值模型进行燃气压力作用下某活塞的高周疲劳性能分析,其结果与有限元法的计算结果相一致...     

基于损伤力学的混凝土疲劳损伤模型

为了研究混凝土在疲劳荷载作用下力学性能不断劣化过程,从连续介质损伤力学的基本理论出发,根据混凝土的材料性能选定合理的耗散势函数,用残余应变来定义混凝土的损伤量,得到关于残余应变的损伤变量表达式;分析混凝土疲劳损伤的发展规律,选用合适的混凝土微塑性应变方程,推导混凝土在疲劳荷载下的损伤发展率,得到混凝土损伤变量与疲劳次数的关系,从而建立混凝土疲劳损伤模型;利用疲劳实验数据验证模型形式的正确性,并确定模型的参数;由此建立耦合损伤变量的混凝土本构关系模型,可用于疲劳荷载作用下混凝土的有限元分析.     

一类矩形中厚板弹性模型的Hamilton形式

通过分析矩形中厚板的一些具体力学问题，提出一类矩形中厚板模型，并从数学角度建立了该模型的两种Hamilton形式，得到两类Hamilton算子，这为辛体系方法的应用奠定了基础。最后从Lagrange密度函数和Legendre变换角度阐述了Hamilton形式导出过程。     

旋塞取样阀密封面接触力学性能及疲劳寿命研究

以旋塞取样阀为研究对象,探讨其密封面接触力学性能和疲劳寿命.应用有关力学理论对旋塞取样阀安装和取样过程进行力学分析,构建了安装过程接触面应力计算的理论模型、旋塞取样阀工作过程中旋塞径向接触应力的计算模型和旋塞表面3个具有代表性的横截面的接触应力分布计算模型.结合具体算例数值计算,研究了取样过程旋塞表面上各点接触应力变化...     

产品生命周期模型的零售企业供应链类型界定

供应链类型的研究一直是供应链管理理论的研究热点，近几十年的研究成果逐渐形成了相应的研究角度，但是，对供应链类型的研究更多的表现在定性的描述上，尤其是针对零售企业的供应链类型，鲜有定量的界定方法。利用产品生命周期模型的相关研究成果，提出了一个从产品角度、时域的供应链界定的模型，并利用相应的数据对模型的验证与应用予与说明。     

机组疲劳评估系统模型对中国航司国际航班飞行员疲劳预测的适用性

研究旨在对经典生物数学模型在中国航空公司运营环境下的适用性进行研究。首先在我国航空公司的运营环境下,使用持续绩效测试(CPT)、卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表(KSS)和机组人员状态检查表(SP)观测飞行员飞行过程中的警觉度绩效和主观疲劳自评。其次使用机组疲劳评估系统(SAFE)模拟并量化了相应的飞行员疲劳。最后比较了SAFE模型预测的机组警觉度值与其疲劳主观自评、客观绩效之间的差异,使用方差分析来探究疲劳影响因子对模型预测和主客观疲劳的影响差异。结果表明：SAFE模型预测机组人员疲劳与其主观疲劳有较强的相关性,整体上模型对机组人员疲劳预测体现了与执勤时长及昼夜节律相关因素的变化趋势,但是连续执勤18h后预测值会偏高。可见随着对该模型验证数据量的增加及调整模型相关参数以适应我国飞行运行环境,该模型将能够作为我国航空公司疲劳风险管理体系(FRMS)预测式危险源识别的客观工具,同时也可为我国本土化生物数学模型的理论研究与工程应用提供借鉴。     

虚拟敏感制造企业的建模技术

针对虚拟敏感制造企业建模的需求,探讨了国内外关于该领域的研究动态,并从建模的角度论述了虚拟敏捷制造企业建模技术的研究框架及其相关技术,其目的是为未来的组织形态－－虚拟敏捷制造企业的建立和运行提供理论指导和模型依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.