2,4-D处理罗岗甜橙果实后的降解

用质量浓度为200 mg/L的2,4-D与45%的施保克(杀菌剂)1 000倍液组成的混合溶液浸泡罗岗甜橙果实3 min,然后用薄膜袋包装果实,25 ℃、湿度74%下贮藏,用HPLC方法分析了果实内2,4-D降解情况,结果表明:处理果实放置12 h的果皮内2,4-D含量比对照果增加3.29倍;放置24 h的果皮内2,4-D含量明显高于果肉.处理的果实放置24 h以后,通过从果皮吸收,使果肉内2,4-D含量显著增加,贮藏5 d的果肉内2,4-D含量达到最高值,贮藏30 d的果肉内2,4-D含量为1 570.35 ng/g,以后显著减少,低于农业部颁发的2,4-D残留限量(2 000 ng/kg),符合柑橘食用安全性. 贮藏60 d果肉内2,4-D水平低于处理0 d(对照)的水平. 2,4-二氯苯羟化酶是2,4-D降解途径中的重要降解酶;2,4-D处理的果实经贮藏5 d,果肉内2,4-二氯苯羟化酶活性较低,第10天显著增加,贮藏30 d酶活性最高,与果肉内2,4-D含量降低一致.     

植物生长调节剂ABT1对不同彩叶树种扦插的影响研究

为了快速繁育引进的优质彩色树种紫叶稠李、金叶榆、金叶水腊,采用完全随机设计,研究三种不同浓度植物生长调节剂ABT1、三种不同浸泡时间对彩叶树种插穗的芽萌发、抽条和生根长度的影响;结果表明:不同彩叶树种对ABT1的响应各不相同,紫叶稠李扦插枝条在100mg/L ABT1处理1h效果最好;金叶榆扦插枝条在50mg/L ABT1处理1h效果最好;金叶水腊扦插枝条在200mg/L ABT1处理2h效果最好。     

灰树花子实体多糖和菌丝体多糖的比较分析

从灰树花 (Grifolafrondosa)子实体和菌丝体中提取分离得到子实体多糖F -D和菌丝体多糖M -D ,得率分别是 0 .5 9%、0 .31% ;F -D的糖、蛋白质含量为 6 4 .8%、15 .6 % ,M -D糖、蛋白质含量是 6 5 .9%、7.37% ;气相色谱分析单糖组成 ,F -D由岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成 ,各单糖的摩尔比为 0 .9:0 .5 :1.3:5 .0 :2 .9:10 0 .0 ;M -D由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成 ,各单糖的摩尔比为 5 .9:8.5 :3.2 :2 3.2 :6 .5 :11.7:10 0 .0 ;红外光谱图显示F -D和M -D约在 890cm- 1处有吸收 ,1H -NMR谱显示两者在 5mg/L以上均无吸收 ,13C -NMR谱显示两者在 10 5× 10 - 6 、86× 10 - 6 、和 71× 10 - 6 处均有吸收 ,提示F -D和M -D多糖中均存在 β(1→ 3)和 (1→ 6 )糖苷键。     

粉虱座壳孢对烟粉虱的致病力测定及其时间-浓度效应

本研究用粉虱座壳孢 Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber孢子悬浮液 1× 10 5、5× 10 5、1× 10 6、5× 10 6和 1×10 7孢子 /ml,对烟粉虱 Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius) 2龄若虫进行致病力测定 ,并应用时间 -剂量 -死亡率模型研究了粉虱座壳孢对烟粉虱致死的时间和浓度效应 ,拟合良好。结果表明 ,粉虱座壳孢对烟粉虱的致病力较强 ,接种后第 9d,5× 10 6和 1× 10 7孢子 /ml两个浓度处理累计死亡率达 90 %以上 ;第 10 d的 LC50 和 LC90 分别为 2 .5 8× 10 5和 4 .6 7× 10 6孢子 /ml;在 5× 10 5- 1× 10 7孢子 /ml的浓度范围内 ,L T50 为 2 .6 1- 4.82 d     

LR—98对肝癌细胞增殖的抑制性效应

利用在体和离体实验相结合 ,以动物接种肿瘤细胞后的生存时间、瘤重与体重比值、肝癌细胞生存率、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及肝癌细胞凋亡为指标 ,研究了不同剂量榄仁树叶提取物 (LR 98)对肝癌细胞增殖的抑制性效应及可能机制 .在体实验结果表明 ,5× 10 - 3g/mLLR 98处理组动物的生存时间较对照组明显延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,不同剂量处理组 (5× 10 - 3g/mL ,2× 10 - 2 g/mL ,5× 10 - 2 g/mL)的瘤重与体重比值均较对照组明显减小 (P <0 .0 5) .体外培养的细胞经不同剂量LR 98(1× 10 - 5g/mL ,5× 10 - 5g/mL ,1× 10 - 4 g/mL)作用后 ,生存率及SOD活性均显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) .流式细胞仪分析表明 ,不同剂量LR 98作用于肝癌细胞 8h后 ,在G1 期前均出现一亚二倍体峰 ,表明均能诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡 ,凋亡率分别达 2 9.4 4 % ,2 4 .4 5%和 2 5.2 2 % .以上结果说明LR 98可显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖 .降低SOD活性 ,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡可能是LR 98抑制肝癌细胞生长的机理之一 .     

南方红豆杉的愈伤组织培养研究

以南方红豆杉（Taxus chinensis var．mairei Cheng et L．K．Fu）的营养器官嫩茎、叶和叶柄等为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导研究,试验结果表明：（1）各外植体中诱导愈伤组织的难易程度为叶柄处〉叶片〉茎段;（2）2,4-D比NKA更有利于愈伤组织的形成;（3）B5比MS培养基更有利于愈伤组织的形成,因此诱导南方红豆杉产生愈伤组织的最佳培养基配方是：B5＋2,4-D4．0mg·L^-1。＋ABT生根粉0．3g·L^-1,愈伤组织的诱导率达93％;（4）继代增殖培养的配方B5＋2,4-D0．1mg·L^-1＋ABT生根粉0．1g·L^-1,增殖系数可达3．6．     

2，4-D对玉米根氧化还原活性的影响及其与根生长和酶活性等的关系

将5mm长的玉米根尖与不同浓度的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)一起保温,在加10^-15mol／L至10^9mol/L浓度范围内,根尖对铁氰化钾的还原活性随2,4-D浓度升高而增加;当2,4-D浓度超过10^8mol／L时,还原活性受到抑制,根尖的生长与铁氰化钾还原速率具有很好的相关性,葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G-6-P)脱氢酶活性与铁氰化钾的还原和细胞内NADPH2心水平相平行,ATP酶活性也与上述变化相一致,在低浓度的2,4-D处理下,介质pH下降,高浓度的2,4-D则使介质碱化,上述结果表明2,4-D对玉米垠氧化还原活性和生长速率有显著影响．它的作用是通过活化质子分泌和它对代谢途径的调节实现的。     

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸分子印迹聚合物的制备及识别特性

以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,制备了有特异性识别2,4-D功能的分子印迹聚合物.用紫外分光光度法对印迹聚合物的吸附性能进行了研究,并用高效液相色谱法对印迹聚合物的选择性进行了考察.用Scatchard法分析表明,该分子印迹聚合物通过氢键作用力结合,对2,4-D的最大表观吸附量Qmax为69.7μmol.g-1,平衡离解常数Kd为9.96×10-3mol.L-1.HPLC实验表明,与2,4-D结构类似的分子相比,印迹聚合物对2,4-D显示了很好的选择性.     

甲苯咪唑对鱼的急性毒性试验及驱虫效果研究

甲苯咪唑浓度为0 4×10-6和0 8×10-6时,5种试验鱼(日本鳗Anguillajaponicus、欧洲鳗Anguillaan guilla、翘嘴鳜Sinipercachuatsi、红剑XiphophorushelleriHeckel和建鲤Cyprinuscarpiovar.Jian)是安全的;浓度为2×10-6时,前3种试验鱼全部存活,而红剑和建鲤的死亡率为6%和4%.用浓度为0 2×10-6、0 4×10-6和0 8×10-6的甲苯咪唑药浴患伪指环虫病(感染率为92%)的欧洲鳗,用药1次,120h后其阳性检出率分别为54%、10%和0%.说明甲苯咪唑对欧洲鳗伪指环虫病有显著疗效.     

微分脉冲伏安法测定2,4-二硝基苯酚及其机理研究

对2,4-二硝基苯酚的极谱行为和吸附性质进行了探讨.在0.2mol/LNaHCO3-Na2CO3底液中于-0.43V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处呈现一灵敏的吸附波.峰电流ip与酚浓度在4.0×10-7～6.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系.检测限为8.0×10-8mol/L.同时,对体系的性质作了研究.结果表明,2,4-二硝基苯酚的电极过程为具有吸附性的不可逆过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.